Table 2

Sample Means of Key Variables

White Sample (N = 1,215,527)	1980	1990	2000
Individual Characteristics
Married (and living with spouse)	0.65	0.56	0.51
Divorced	0.03	0.03	0.03
Married ever	0.76	0.66	0.60
Married (household head sample)	0.74	0.67	0.60
Cohabiting (household head sample)	0.05	0.10	0.14
Residential father (household head sample)	0.54	0.48	0.43
Total income, 2000 dollars	38,142	37,867	39,811
Age	29.34	29.58	29.71
Employed	0.92	0.93	0.92
Employed full-time full-year	0.72	0.74	0.76
High school exactly	0.32	0.32	0.27
Some college	0.26	0.31	0.32
College graduate or more	0.33	0.30	0.37
Ratio of income to reference group median if under	0.60	0.60	0.59
Ratio of income to reference group median if over	1.31	1.36	1.43
MSA Characteristics
MSA-year race/ethnicity-specific sex ratio	1.03	1.01	1.01
MSA-year fraction black	0.12	0.12	0.12
MSA-year fraction native Hispanic	0.04	0.05	0.06
MSA-year fraction native other	0.01	0.02	0.03
MSA-year fraction immigrant	0.08	0.10	0.13
MSA-year fraction younger than	18	0.28	0.25	0.26
MSA-year fraction younger than	65	0.89	0.88	0.88
MSA-year fraction high school exactly	0.34	0.32	0.31
MSA-year fraction some college	0.17	0.26	0.28
MSA-year fraction college graduate	0.18	0.23	0.27
MSA-year male employment-to-population ratio (ages 18–64)	0.82	0.82	0.78
Male predicted employment demand index	0.66	0.60	0.60
Female predicted employment demand index	0.38	0.41	0.43
Housing price index	70.79	122.84	176.20
Real housing-price-adjusted AFDC benefit, $2000	781.39	597.79	424.44
Population	769,952	884,396	898,573
Black Sample (N = 160,203)	1980	1990	2000
Individual Characteristics
Married (and living with spouse)	0.51	0.36	0.35
Divorced	0.09	0.08	0.06
Married ever	0.68	0.51	0.47
Married (household head sample)	0.65	0.55	0.49
Cohabiting (household head sample)	0.08	0.17	0.21
Residential father (household head sample)	0.57	0.51	0.48
Total income, $2000	26,797	24,012	26,607
Age	29.22	29.49	29.64
Employed	0.81	0.81	0.79
Employed full-time full-year	0.57	0.58	0.62
High school exactly	0.40	0.42	0.40
Some college	0.25	0.32	0.35
College graduate or more	0.13	0.13	0.16
Ratio of income to reference group median if under	0.54	0.52	0.55
Ratio of income to reference group median if over	1.36	1.34	1.38
MSA Characteristics
MSA-year race/ethnicity-specific sex ratio	1.20	1.18	1.19
MSA-year fraction black	0.18	0.18	0.18
MSA-year fraction native Hispanic	0.04	0.04	0.06
MSA-year fraction native other	0.01	0.01	0.03
MSA-year fraction immigrant	0.08	0.11	0.14
MSA-year fraction younger than	18	0.28	0.25	0.26
MSA-year fraction younger than	65	0.90	0.89	0.89
MSA-year fraction high school exactly	0.33	0.32	0.30
MSA-year fraction some college	0.16	0.25	0.27
MSA-year fraction college grad	0.18	0.23	0.28
MSA-year male employment-to-population ratio (ages 18–64)	0.82	0.81	0.78
Male predicted employment demand index	0.66	0.61	0.60
Female predicted employment demand index	0.38	0.42	0.43
Housing price index	70.31	122.3	172.00
Real housing-price-adjusted AFDC benefit, $2000	699.44	540.85	383.64
Population	868,969	983,872	1,008,410
Hispanic Sample (N = 76,803)	1980	1990	2000
Individual Characteristics
Married (and living with spouse)	0.64	0.50	0.44
Divorced	0.05	0.06	0.05
Married ever	0.77	0.63	0.56
Married (household head sample)	0.76	0.66	0.60
Cohabiting (household head sample)	0.06	0.13	0.18
Residential father (household head sample)	0.64	0.56	0.52
Total income, $2000	30,878	29,588	30,019
Age	29.06	29.21	29.22
Employed	0.88	0.88	0.84
Employed full-time full-year	0.62	0.63	0.65
High school exactly	0.35	0.38	0.36
Some college	0.26	0.33	0.34
College graduate or more	0.14	0.12	0.16
Ratio of income to reference group median if under	0.58	0.57	0.59
Ratio of income to reference group median if over	1.35	1.39	1.44
MSA Characteristics
MSA-year race/ethnicity-specific sex ratio	1.04	1.03	1.04
MSA-year fraction black	0.09	0.09	0.09
MSA-year fraction native Hispanic	0.13	0.14	0.16
MSA-year fraction native other	0.02	0.03	0.04
MSA-year fraction immigrant	0.13	0.18	0.22
MSA-year fraction younger than 18	0.28	0.26	0.27
MSA-year fraction younger than 65	0.90	0.89	0.89
MSA-year fraction high school exactly	0.32	0.29	0.28
MSA-year fraction some college	0.20	0.28	0.28
MSA-year fraction college grad	0.19	0.23	0.27
MSA-year male employment-to-population ratio (ages 18–64)	0.82	0.81	0.76
Male predicted employment demand index	0.65	0.61	0.61
Female predicted employment demand index	0.38	0.42	0.43
Housing price index	71.89	129.71	172.88
Real housing-price-adjusted AFDC benefit, $2000	819.57	657.03	475.00
Population	1,055,140	1,348,875	1,485,750

Notes: White sample refers to native non-Hispanic white men ages 25–34; Black sample refers to native non-Hispanic black men; Hispanic sample refers to native Hispanic men. Married Now refers to men married and living with a spouse. Cohabitation and residential fatherhood are based on subsamples of household heads and their partners; see text for details.