Table 7

Second-Stage Regressions (10–15-year-old age group)

	2+ Sample		3+ Sample		3+ Sample First-borns
	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls
Labor force participation
Family size	0.020**	0.014**	0.003	0.012*	−0.001	0.017*
	(0.009)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.007)	(0.011)	(0.009)
Second child			0.007**	0.002
			(0.004)	(0.003)
N	148,106	139,214	145,156	138,689	92,182	87,556
Household chore activities
Family size	0.003	0.009	0.001	0.011	0.002	0.019*
	(0.004)	(0.008)	(0.004)	(0.008)	(0.005)	(0.010)
Second child			−0.002	0.001
			(0.001)	(0.003)
N	129,716	133,054	126,351	132,328	78,106	82,784
Attendance
Family size	−0.013	−0.016*	−0.018*	−0.013	−0.016	−0.023**
	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.011)	(0.011)
Second child			0.009**	−0.001	0.000	0.000
			(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.000)	(0.000)
N	148,106	139,214	145,156	138,689	92,182	87,556
School Progression
Family size	−0.026***	−0.029***	−0.026***	−0.025***	−0.029***	−0.024***
	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.007)
Second child			−0.004	−0.002
			(0.003)	(0.003)
N	148,019	139,158	145,091	138,643	92,124	87,519
Literacy
Family size	−0.020**	−0.010	−0.016*	−0.020**	−0.013	−0.023**
	(0.008)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.010)	(0.009)
Second child			0.011***	0.011***
			(0.004)	(0.003)
N	148,106	139,214	145,156	138,689	92,182	87,556

Robust standard errors in parenthesis. School Progression ≡ education/(age-6). Instrumental variable: occurrence of twins in the 2nd (2 + Sample) or in the 3rd (3 + Sample) births. Sample: Children aged in ∈ [10,15] living with two adults (the mother and her husband). Control variables: Year and state dummies; head’s schooling, gender and age; mother’s schooling and age; child’s age, squared age and gender; dummy variable if the family lives in urban areas and if the family lives in metropolitan areas.