Table 2

Summary statistics—18–20-years-old

	2+ Sample			3+ Sample			3+ Sample First Born
Variable	Mean	Standard deviation	N	Mean	Standard deviation	N	Mean	Standarddeviation	N
Boys
Labor force participation	0.70	0.46	38,948	0.72	0.45	34,847	0.72	0.45	28,430
Household chore activities	0.05	0.21	14,122	0.04	0.21	12,034	0.04	0.20	9,681
School progression	0.57	0.28	38,881	0.53	0.29	34,784	0.53	0.29	28,381
Literacy	0.93	0.26	38,948	0.91	0.28	34,847	0.91	0.28	28,430
Attendance	0.40	0.49	38,948	0.37	0.48	34,847	0.37	0.48	28,430
Completed years of schooling	6.02	3.56	23,265	5.49	3.47	21,740	5.59	3.51	17,850
High school	0.17	0.38	38,948	0.13	0.33	34,847	0.14	0.34	28,430
College attendance	0.08	0.27	38,948	0.06	0.23	34,847	0.06	0.24	28,430
Family size	3.68	1.76	38,948	4.32	1.70	34,847	4.29	1.68	28,430
Presence of twins	0.01	0.12	38,948	0.01	0.12	34,847	0.01	0.11	28,430
Head’s schooling	4.80	4.33	38,943	4.32	4.11	34,840	4.31	4.11	28,425
Head’s gender	0.81	0.35	38,948	0.85	0.34	34,847	0.84	0.31	28,430
Head’s age	45.60	6.12	38,948	45.29	5.96	34,847	45.21	5.96	28,430
Mother’s schooling	4.62	3.96	38,932	4.18	3.78	34,833	4.18	3.79	28,419
Mother’s age	41.36	3.96	38,932	40.88	4.50	34,847	40.79	4.52	28,430
Child’s age	18.88	0.81	38,948	18.78	0.79	34,847	18.89	0.81	28,430
White	0.63	0.48	38,948	0.57	0.50	34,847	0.58	0.49	28,430
Urban area	0.74	0.44	38,948	0.70	0.46	34,847	0.70	0.46	28,430
Metropolitan area	0.30	0.46	38,948	0.26	0.44	34,847	0.26	0.44	28,430
Second child	—	—	—	0.14	0.30	34,847	—	—	—
Girls
Labor force participation	0.46	0.50	28,633	0.45	0.50	25,709	0.46	0.50	20,603
Household chore activities	0.24	0.42	16,747	0.26	0.44	15,115	0.27	0.44	11,996
School progression	0.68	0.27	28,585	0.64	0.28	25,656	0.64	0.28	20,562
Literacy	0.96	0.19	28,633	0.96	0.20	25,709	0.96	0.21	20,603
Attendance	0.53	0.50	28,633	0.51	0.50	25,709	0.51	0.50	20,603
Completed years of schooling	7.26	3.75	13,370	6.71	3.72	12,477	6.82	3.76	10,809
High school	0.28	0.45	28,633	0.22	0.42	25,709	0.24	0.43	20,603
College attendance	0.15	0.35	28,633	0.11	0.31	25,709	0.12	0.32	20,603
Family size	3.56	1.65	28,633	4.22	1.61	25,709	4.16	1.57	20,603
Presence of twins	0.01	0.12	28,633	0.01	0.12	25,709	0.01	0.12	20,603
Head’s schooling	5.33	4.47	28,635	4.79	4.29	25,703	4.85	4.30	20,597
Head’s gender	0.84	0.32	28,633	0.86	0.33	25,709	0.84	0.33	20,603
Head’s age	45.60	6.06	28,633	45.25	5.85	25,709	45.12	5.87	20,603
Mother’s schooling	5.06	4.07	28,617	4.59	3.91	25,692	4.65	3.92	20,591
Mother’s age	41.50	4.73	28,617	40.99	4.42	25,709	40.89	4.43	20,603
Child’s age	18.85	0.81	28,633	18.74	0.78	25,709	18.85	0.81	20,603
White	0.67	0.47	28,633	0.61	0.49	25,709	0.62	0.49	20,603
Urban area	0.78	0.41	28,633	0.74	0.44	25,709	0.75	0.44	20,603
Metropolitan area	0.33	0.47	28,633	0.30	0.46	25,709	0.30	0.46	20,603
Second child	—	—	—	0.17	0.34	25,709	—	—	—