Robustness Checks
| Falsification Tests | |
| 1. Household head’s work | _0.097 |
| (0.090) | |
| 2. Household head hours of work (zero if not working) | _0.146 |
| (0.103) | |
| 3. Household head’s spouse work | 0.095 |
| (0.068) | |
| 4. Household head’s spouse hours of work (zero if not working) | 0.069 |
| (0.126) | |
| 5. Log Household per capita income | _0.002 |
| (0.005) | |
| Measurement Error | |
| 6. Work (2SLS) | _0.278 |
| (0.342) | |
| 7. Work (controlling for perfect negative selection) | _0.955*** |
| (0.212) | |
| 8. Work (controlling for perfect positive selection) | 0.070 |
| (0.217) | |
| Definition of work | |
| 9. Work restrictive definition | _0.154 |
| (0.205) |
Notes: The table reports similar specifications to those in Table 3, Column 4, with different dependent variables. Household per capita income excludes income from child labor. Row 6 reports 2SLS estimates where distance to school is instrumented by self-reported travel time to school. Rows 7 and 8 report worstcase scenario perfect positive and negative selection in distance to school. Row 9 uses a restrictive definition of child work that excludes household chores. See text for details. See also notes to Table 3.