Table 2

Means and Standard Errors for Females by State of Birth, 1 percent and 5 percent PUMS

State of Birth:	Arkansas		Georgia		Rest of United States
	Mean	Standard Error	Mean	Standard Error	Mean	Standard Error
A. Unweighted
1 percent PUMS
Associate’s degree or higher	0.2379	0.0096	0.2874	0.0061	0.3555	0.0011
Bachelor’s degree or higher	0.1776	0.0086	0.2166	0.0056	0.2662	0.0010
Nonwhite or Hispanic	0.2318	0.0095	0.3577	0.0065	0.2507	0.0010
Living in birth state	0.6437	0.0108	0.7446	0.0059	0.6686	0.0011
Merit	0.4372	0.0112	0.2921	0.0062	0.0000	0.0000
5 percent PUMS
Associate’s degree or higher	0.2544	0.0044	0.2816	0.0027	0.3567	0.0005
Bachelor’s degree or higher	0.1872	0.0039	0.2179	0.0025	0.2677	0.0005
Nonwhite or Hispanic	0.2409	0.0043	0.3556	0.0029	0.2481**	0.0004
Living in birth state	0.6599	0.0047	0.7476	0.0027	0.6669	0.0005
Merit	0.4571	0.0050	0.2898	0.0028	0.0000	0.0000
Chi-square test statistic	9.04		4.26		8.46
Chi-square test p-value	0.107		0.513		0.076
B. Weighted
1 percent PUMS
Associate’s degree or higher	0.2566	0.0115	0.3052	0.0071	0.3696	0.0012
Bachelor’s degree or higher	0.1954	0.0105	0.2337	0.0066	0.2819	0.0012
Nonwhite or Hispanic	0.2576	0.0117	0.3597	0.0074	0.2664	0.0012
Living in birth state	0.6427	0.0125	0.7275	0.0069	0.6579	0.0012
Merit	0.4609	0.0131	0.3004	0.0071	0.0000	0.0000
5 percent PUMS
Associate’s degree or higher	0.2699	0.0052	0.2997	0.0032	0.3706	0.0006
Bachelor’s degree or higher	0.2038	0.0047	0.2354	0.0029	0.2835	0.0005
Nonwhite or Hispanic	0.2698	0.0053	0.3593	0.0033	0.2632**	0.0005
Living in birth state	0.6560	0.0055	0.7292	0.0031	0.6563	0.0005
Merit	0.4690	0.0058	0.2983	0.0032	0.0000	0.0000
Chi-square test statistic	4.04		2.95		8.23
Chi-square test p-value	0.543		0.708		0.084

Notes: Chi-square statistic tests the hypothesis that differences in means across the 1 percent and 5 percent PUMS are zero for all five variables for Arkansas and Georgia and all but the merit variable for the rest of the United States. The resulting chi-square statistic has five degrees of freedom for Arkansas and Georgia and four degrees for freedom for the rest of the United States. ** Difference between 1 percent and 5 percent PUMS is significant at the 5 percent level.