Table 10

Childcare Choices—Robustness

	N	Exclusively Parents	Subsidized Provider	Informal Arrangement
Panel A: Baseline DiD
	6,932	0.065^*	−0.042	−0.026
		(0.036)	(0.028)	(0.038)
Mean 2012 spring		0.301	0.305	0.515
Panel B: Specification Checks
No control variables	6,932	0.075^**	−0.041	−0.055
		(0.034)	(0.029)	(0.036)
Mean 2012 spring		0.301	0.305	0.515
Partner controls	6,932	0.063^*	−0.042	−0.024
		(0.036)	(0.028)	(0.037)
Mean 2012 spring		0.301	0.305	0.515
Didisc	6,932	0.083	−0.042	−0.090
		(0.061)	(0.052)	(0.067)
Mean 2012 spring		0.301	0.305	0.515
Maternal age at birth and children’s age as. . .
Squared polynomials	6,932	0.070^**	−0.048^*	−0.034
		(0.035)	(0.028)	(0.037)
Mean 2012 spring		0.301	0.305	0.515
Cubic polynomials	6,932	0.073^**	−0.051^*	−0.035
		(0.035)	(0.028)	(0.037)
Mean 2012 spring		0.301	0.305	0.515
Panel C: Observation Period: Births in. . .
May to October	4,589	0.076^*	−0.051	−0.052
		(0.043)	(0.035)	(0.045)
Mean 2012 spring		0.302	0.304	0.510
June to September	3,319	0.107^**	−0.069^*	−0.070
		(0.050)	(0.041)	(0.053)
Mean 2012 spring		0.310	0.300	0.501

Source: Own calculations based on KiBS Waves 2 and 3 (interviews 2012–2015) for children born between March 2011 and December 2012, West Germany only.
Notes: Exclusive parental care is defined as the absence of informal care and care by a subsidized provider. Controls are maternal age at birth dummies (<25, 25–30, 30–35, 35–40, >40), survey wave dummies, federal state fixed effects, maternal tertiary education (dummy), children’s age in month dummies. Partner controls include a dummy for having a partner as well as partner’s education. Dummies for missing values in any control variable are included as well. Cluster robust (on mother’s level) standard errors in parentheses. Significance levels: ^*p < 0.10, ^**p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.01.