Table 7

Childcare Choices—Main Results

NExclusively ParentsSubsidized ProviderInformal Arrangement
Panel A: Full Sample
6,9320.065*−0.042−0.026
(0.036)(0.028)(0.038)
Mean 2012 spring0.3010.3050.515
Panel B: Maternal Education
No tertiary degree3,9620.091*−0.039−0.046
(0.047)(0.031)(0.049)
Mean 2012 spring0.3240.2040.558
Tertiary degree2,9700.028−0.0580.007
(0.052)(0.054)(0.057)
Mean 2012 spring0.2640.4700.444
Panel C: Main Language at Home
German5,8290.067*−0.044−0.024
(0.039)(0.032)(0.041)
Mean 2012 spring0.2730.3230.535
Non‐German1,0840.062−0.031−0.068
(0.095)(0.065)(0.095)
Mean 2012 spring0.4340.2200.421
Panel D: Parental Country of Origin
Both born in Germany5,3680.065−0.035−0.037
(0.040)(0.033)(0.043)
Mean 2012 spring0.2800.3270.531
At least one born abroad1,5570.055−0.0640.006
(0.077)(0.054)(0.079)
Mean 2012 spring0.3650.2380.466
  • Source: Own calculations based on KiBS Waves 2 and 3 (interviews 2012–2014) for children born between March 2011 and December 2012, West Germany only.

  • Notes: DiD analysis. Exclusively parental care is defined as the absence of informal care and care by a subsidized provider. Controls are maternal age at birth dummies (<25, 25–30, 30–35, 35–40, >40), survey wave dummies, federal state fixed effects, maternal tertiary education (dummy), and children’s age in month dummies. Dummies for missing values in any control variable are included as well. Cluster robust (on mother’s level) standard errors in parentheses. Significance tests for the differences for the treatment effect on exclusively parental, subsidized, and informal care between each group are as follows, respectively: Education: p = 0.24, 0.85, 0.38; German at home: p = 0.96, 0.86, 0.66; Mother born in Germany: p = 0.91, 0.64, 0.63. Significance levels: *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.