Heterogeneous Effects of Forming Teams: Cognitive Skills
| Gender | Academic Performance | Grade | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | A | B | C | D | Third | Fourth | Fifth | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
| Midterm | 0.128*** | 0.065* | 0.240 | 0.046 | 0.043 | 0.086** | 0.186*** | 0.116* | 0.037** |
| (0.035) | (0.035) | (0.184) | (0.052) | (0.364) | (0.041) | (0.019) | (0.038) | (0.011) | |
| Between group test | p(female = male) = 0.3001 | p(A = B) = 0.4957 p(A = C) = 0.5727 | p(third = fourth) = 0.3666 | ||||||
| p(A = D) = 0.5377 p(B = C) = 0.9694 | p(third = fifth) = 0.0322 | ||||||||
| p(B = D) = 0.4338 p(C = D) = 0.4448 | p(fourth = fifth) = 0.3107 | ||||||||
| Final | 0.057 | 0.105* | 0.276 | 0.068 | 0.047 | 0.063** | 0.165*** | 0.119 | 0.003 |
| (0.043) | (0.049) | (0.236) | (0.082) | (0.068) | (0.031) | (0.024) | (0.059) | (0.020) | |
| Between group test | p(female = male) = 0.4294 | p(A = B) = 0.8110 p(A = C) = 0.9432 | p(third = fourth) = 0.5594 | ||||||
| p(A = D) = 0.3412 p(B = C) = 0.7995 | p(third = fifth) = 0.0221 | ||||||||
| p(B = D) = 0.3135 p(C = D) = 0.3654 | p(fourth = fifth) = 0.1322 | ||||||||
Notes: Each column reports the results of a cohort with the specification including individual characteristics, school characteristics, and family characteristics controlled. Midterm represents the DID analysis comparing midterm examination scores with baseline scores. Final represents the DID analysis comparing final examination scores with baseline scores. A, B, C, and D denote levels of academic performance from high to low. Standard errors are clustered at the school–grade level and enclosed in parentheses. Between‐group test reports the p‐value from the between‐group t‐test. Significance: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.