Impact of Unemployment Rate at Graduation on Partnership Quality and Dissolution—IV Specification
| Dependent Variable | Full Sample (1) | Bottom Quintile (2) | Median Quintile (3) | Top Quintile (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A: Partner’s Characteristicsa | ||||
| Partner’s GPAb | ||||
| Effect of (own) unemployment rate at graduation | −0.005 | −0.050 | −0.020 | −0.013 |
| (0.013) | (0.045) | (0.032) | (0.034) | |
| Individuals | 17,521 | 3,179 | 3,239 | 3,561 |
| Mean of dependent variable | 2.909 | 2.725 | 2.926 | 3.082 |
| Partner’s annual earnings | ||||
| Effect of (own) unemployment rate at graduation | −0.025** | −0.045* | −0.022 | −0.042 |
| (0.011) | (0.024) | (0.027) | (0.027) | |
| Individuals | 28,931 | 5,482 | 5,576 | 5,656 |
| Mean of dependent variable | 1.199 | 1.133 | 1.212 | 1.242 |
| Partner’s age | ||||
| Effect of (own) unemployment rate at graduation | −0.016 | 0.267 | −0.341* | −0.005 |
| (0.076) | (0.194) | (0.188) | (0.185) | |
| Individuals | 28,931 | 5,482 | 5,576 | 5,656 |
| Mean of dependent variable | 30.262 | 30.268 | 30.245 | 30.329 |
| Panel B: Partnership Dissolutionc | ||||
| Ended the first partnership (if ever in one) | ||||
| Effect of unemployment rate at graduation | −0.003 | 0.046** | −0.006 | −0.001 |
| (0.006) | (0.020) | (0.015) | (0.013) | |
| Individuals | 57,740 | 10,777 | 11,205 | 11,154 |
| Mean of dependent variable | 0.308 | 0.432 | 0.293 | 0.221 |
| Single mother | ||||
| Effect of unemployment rate | −0.000 | 0.037** | 0.004 | −0.008 |
| at graduation | (0.006) | (0.019) | (0.012) | (0.012) |
| Individuals | 66,336 | 12,800 | 12,854 | 12,433 |
| Mean of dependent var. | 0.231 | 0.322 | 0.217 | 0.164 |
| Number of fathers (if ever had a child) | ||||
| Effect of unemployment rate at graduation | 0.010 | 0.047** | 0.030** | 0.010 |
| (0.006) | (0.019) | (0.013) | (0.009) | |
| Individuals | 56,645 | 10,632 | 10,983 | 10,863 |
| Mean of dependent variable | 1.131 | 1.223 | 1.118 | 1.074 |
| Track FE (instrumented) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cohort FE | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Municipality FE | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Individual characteristics | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Notes: Marginal effects are presented. Standard errors (in parentheses) are clustered at the municipality * cohort (j × c) level. Significance: *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.
↵a We measure partners’ characteristics (if in partnership) when females are 27.
↵b Partners’ GPA refer to grades in ninth grade. Sample is reduced since we do not have GPA for all partners.
↵c Partnership dissolution is measured by the age of 38. Each model in Panel B is estimated using the sample of women observed at age 38.