Table 14

Correlation between Baseline Test Scores and Noncognitive Skills

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Openness	0.118^***					0.048^**
	(0.018)					(0.017)
Conscientiousness		0.211^***				0.156^***
		(0.030)				(0.034)
Extraversion			0.136^***			0.037
			(0.026)			(0.032)
Agreeableness				0.109^**		0.039
				(0.039)		(0.031)
Neuroticism					−0.143^***	−0.082^***
					(0.024)	(0.021)
Individual characteristics	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Class characteristics	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Family characteristics	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
N	1,540	1,540	1,540	1,540	1,540	1,540
Adjusted R²	0.055	0.083	0.059	0.051	0.059	0.094

Notes: Each column is a separate regression. Individual characteristics are gender, age, and height. Class characteristics are school, grade, class, and team dummy variables. Family characteristics are parents’ income, extracurricular reading time, and household chore time. Standard errors are clustered at the school–grade level and enclosed in parentheses. Significance: ^**p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.01.