Table 9

Effects of Immigrants by Education and More Detailed Age Group on Native Probability of Completing 12 Years Education

All NativesNative Non-Hispanic WhitesNative BlacksNative Hispanics
Fixed Effects
(1)		Ten-Year Differences
(2)		Fixed Effects
(3)		Ten-Year Differences
(4)		Fixed Effects
(5)		Ten-Year Differences
(6)		Fixed Effects
(7)		Ten-Year Differences
(8)
Share of population in age and education group that is immigrant; t–10
 Age 11–17−0.41***−0.24***−0.34***−0.18**−0.41*−0.170.010.00
(0.10)(0.07)(0.11)(0.07)(0.22)(0.18)(0.24)(0.20)
 Age 18–39, <12 years education0.45***0.30***0.37***0.30***0.280.10−0.69*−0.81***
(0.14)(0.11)(0.13)(0.10)(0.30)(0.28)(0.36)(0.25)
 Age 40–64, <12 years education0.44***0.37***0.22**0.17**0.68***0.58***0.78**0.26
(0.11)(0.09)(0.09)(0.09)(0.21)(0.19)(0.37)(0.35)
 Age 18–64, 12 years education−0.37−0.05−0.48**−0.260.160.620.150.52
(0.27)(0.24)(0.21)(0.18)(0.74)(0.56)(0.65)(0.79)
 Age 18–64, >12 years education0.77***0.50**0.66**0.43*0.850.421.141.20
(0.27)(0.23)(0.27)(0.24)(0.69)(0.49)(0.75)(0.80)
Other covariatesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Observations343294343294324270332283

  • Notes: The dependent variable is the share of natives age 21–27 of a racial/ethnic group who have completed 12 years of education, adjusted at the individual level for age and sex, as well as race and ethnicity (except Columns 3 and 4). Estimation is by weighted least squares, with weights w the inverse of the squared standard errors on the state–year interaction coefficients in the individual regression (odd Columns), or with weights 1/(1/wt + 1/wt+10) (even Columns). All specifications include year dummies; fixed effects specifications also include state dummies. Other covariates are those listed in Table 2. The dependent variable is based on 1950–2010 data, the independent variables on data from 1940–2000. Standard errors are clustered by state and reported in parentheses.

  • ↵*** p < 0.01,

  • ↵** p < 0.05,

  • ↵* p < 0.1.