Table 3

Main Results

	Single Teacher Only						Single and Multiple Teachers
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Female student	0.147^***	0.144^***	0.157^***				0.148^***
	(0.030)	(0.030)	(0.033)				(0.029)
Female teacher	−0.021	−0.022	−0.052	−0.025			−0.028
	(0.029)	(0.029)	(0.052)	(0.094)			(0.025)
Female student × Female teacher	0.098^***	0.105^***	0.086^**	0.104^**	0.093^*	0.094^*	0.103^***
	(0.032)	(0.032)	(0.035)	(0.051)	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.030)
Constant	−0.093^***	−0.110^***	−0.047	−0.107	−0.033^**	−0.033^**	−0.087^***
	(0.021)	(0.040)	(0.100)	(0.111)	(0.016)	(0.016)	(0.019)
Observations	24,231	23,580	23,580	23,580	24,231	24,231	30,673
R²	0.110	0.112	0.123	0.862	0.862	0.859	0.106
School FEs	Yes	Yes					Yes
Subject FEs	Yes	Yes					Yes
Teacher Ctrl		Yes	Yes	Yes
Sch-Sbj FEs			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Student FEs				Yes	Yes	Yes
Cls-Sbj FEs					Yes
Teacher FEs						Yes

Notes: Each column represents a separate regression. Columns 1 through 6 are for students taught by a single subject teacher, with each variable as a binary indicator. Column 7 includes students taught by either single or multiple subject teachers, with the female teacher variable representing the fraction of the student’s subject teachers who are female. Student and teacher level variables are omitted in Columns 4 through 6 because of collinearity. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the school level.
↵* p < 0.10,
↵** p < 0.05,
↵*** p < 0.01.