Detailed Time Use of Household Members, Difference-in-Differences
The Number of Minutes Spent On: | Types of Home Production | Types of Market Work | Leisure (8) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work in Home Garden (1) | Caring for Children (2) | Self-Care (Excluding Sleep) (3) | Work on HH Farm (4) | Regular Paid Work (5) | Other Work (6) | Transport to/from Work (7) | ||
Panel A: Males | ||||||||
Water system | −23.85 | −14.589 | −50.813*** | 116.437*** | −2.886 | −11.575 | 3.834 | 75.343*** |
(40.50) | (9.072) | (9.653) | (37.310) | (10.263) | (17.238) | (2.746) | (11.992) | |
[0.744] | [0.332] | [0.048] | [0.080] | [0.716] | [0.456] | [0.224] | [0.000] | |
Mean (number of minutes) | 97.11 | 8.17 | 153.84 | 218.95 | 21.52 | 32.55 | 13.58 | 315.77 |
Individual observations | 1,090 | 1,090 | 1,090 | 1,090 | 1,090 | 1,090 | 1,090 | 1,090 |
Number of villages | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 |
R-squared | 0.308 | 0.250 | 0.518 | 0.518 | 0.180 | 0.201 | 0.253 | 0.352 |
Panel B: Females | ||||||||
Water system | −26.530 | −29.610 | −86.288*** | 96.413*** | −20.733** | −4.031 | 7.806* | 87.53 |
(30.140) | (26.223) | (16.645) | (18.104) | (10.005) | (7.202) | (3.886) | (74.80) | |
[0.564] | [0.420] | [0.028] | [0.064] | [0.084] | [0.464] | [0.252] | [0.512] | |
Mean (number of minutes) | 72.16 | 51.34 | 165.31 | 59.94 | 32.56 | 38.75 | 6.36 | 262.38 |
Household observations | 1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 | 1,094 |
Number of villages | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 |
R-squared | 0.327 | 0.166 | 0.531 | 0.328 | 0.127 | 0.128 | 0.251 | 0.288 |
↵Notes: Results are for difference-in-differences regressions. Time use data were collected for household members 12 years and older via the Kyrgyz Integrated Household Survey (2005 and 2010). Sample is limited to those villages (38 in total) that were eligible to receive the water infrastructure through the program. Time use is measured in number of minutes per 24-hour period (totaling 1440 minutes). All regressions include the following controls: (1) season dummies, (2) day of week dummies, (3) respondent age and gender, (3) size of respondent’s household, (4) district-year fixed effects, and (5) village fixed effects. Means are calculated for 2005. For a description of the time use categories, see the Online Appendix. Standard errors are clustered at the village level and in parentheses, with statistical significance denoted by: ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. Wild bootstrap clustered (village) p-values in brackets.