Appendix Table 10

Effects of Immigrants by Age and Education on Natives by Gender

	Fixed Effects		Ten-Year Differences 2SLS
	Women (1)	Men (2)	Women (3)	Men (4)
Share population 11–64 that is immigrant; t – 10	0.29^**	0.28^**	0.35^**	0.32^**
	(0.07)	(0.06)	(0.12)	(0.11)
Share population 11–17 that is immigrant; t – 10	−0.42^**	−0.46^**	−0.25	−0.11
	(0.11)	(0.12)	(0.18)	(0.21)
Share population 18–64 that is immigrant; t–10
<12 years education	0.97^**	0.83^**	0.91^**	0.71^**
	(0.17)	(0.15)	(0.16)	(0.17)
12 years education	−0.17	−0.56^*	0.35	0.84
	(0.29)	(0.31)	(0.85)	(0.77)
>12 years education	0.60^**	0.96^**	0.12	−0.28
	(0.30)	(0.31)	(0.72)	(0.74)
Other covariates	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	343	343	294	294

Notes: The dependent variable is the share of native-born aged 21–27 of the gender specified who have completed 12 years of education, adjusted at the individual level for age and sex, black, Asian, Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, and other Hispanic. Estimation is by weighted least squares, with weights w the inverse of the squared standard errors on the state–year interaction coefficients in the gender-specific individual regression for Columns 1, 2, and 1/(1/w_t + 1/w_t⁺¹⁰) for Columns 3 and 4. All specifications include year dummies; fixed effects specifications also include state dummies. Other covariates are those listed in Table 2. The dependent variable is based on 1950–2010 data, the independent variables on data from 1940–2000. The instruments in Columns 3 and 4 are based on the 1940 distribution of immigrants from different regions (see text), and correspond to those in 2SLS 1 in earlier tables. Standard errors are clustered by state and reported in parentheses.
*** p < 0.01,
↵** p < 0.05,
↵* p < 0.1.