Table 14

Effects of Immigrants on Native Household Composition, Work, and Idleness

Not Living with ParentsEmployed, Not EnrolledIdleEmployed
Fixed Effects
(1)		2SLS 1
(2)		Fixed Effects
(3)		2SLS 1
(4)		Fixed Effects
(5)		2SLS 1
(6)		Fixed Effects
(7)		2SLS 1
(8)
Share population 6–64 that is immigrant0.02−0.01−0.15***0.000.040.04−0.33***−0.43*
(0.02)(0.04)(0.02)(0.05)(0.04)(0.04)(0.07)(0.23)
R20.90—0.87—0.86—0.92—
Share population 6–17 that is immigrant0.12**0.23**0.100.010.19***−0.020.37**−0.15
(0.04)(0.11)(0.10)(0.12)(0.04)(0.08)(0.17)(0.28)
Share population 18–64 that is immigrant:
 <12 years education−0.07*−0.17*−0.27***0.19*−0.15*0.10−0.49**0.50
(0.04)(0.10)(0.07)(0.10)(0.08)(0.08)(0.19)(0.36)
  12 years education−0.01−0.14−0.27**−0.310.00−0.13−1.75***−1.68**
(0.08)(0.21)(0.13)(0.22)(0.12)(0.23)(0.46)(0.67)
 >12 years education0.020.150.01−0.150.07−0.020.65*0.13
(0.07)(0.16)(0.10)(0.25)(0.14)(0.23)(0.33)(0.55)
R20.90—0.88—0.87—0.93—
Other state covariatesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Other individual adjustmentsYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Observations392343392343392343392343

  • Notes: The dependent variable is the share of natives ages 16–17 with no parent present in household (Columns 1–2), the share enrolled but not working (Columns 3–4), the share neither working nor enrolled (Columns 5), or the share employed (Columns 7–8). The dependent variable is adjusted at the individual level for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and for Columns 3–8 also whether living in a metro area, whether parent present in household, being a second-generation immigrant, parent education, and the interaction of second generation and parent education. Estimation is by weighted least squares (odd columns), and two-stage least squares (even columns), for years 1940–2010, with weights w the inverse of the squared standard errors on the state–year interaction coefficients in the individual regression for odd Columns, and 1/(1/wt+1/wt+10) for even Columns. All specifications include year dummies and the state-level controls of Table 2; fixed effects specifications also include state dummies. The instruments in even Columns are based on the 1940 distribution of immigrants from different countries (see text). Standard errors are clustered by state and reported in parentheses.

  • ↵*** p < 0.01,

  • ↵** p < 0.05,

  • ↵* p < 0.1.