Table 3

Sunshine during Pregnancy and First Months of Life: Descriptive Statistics

Sunshine Hours during PregnancySunshine Hours in First 6 Months after Birth
Panel A: Means and Standard Deviations
Mean1,223.34826.84
SD230.9285.1
Number of observations672,828
Panel B: Variation in Sunshine Hours during Pregnancy in First Six Months of Life
By birth month
 Birth month with most sunshine hoursNovemberApril
 Sunshine hours1,4811,186
 Birth month with lowest sunshine hoursMayOctober
 Sunshine hours958443.5
By birth cohort
 Birth cohort with most sunshine hours1,9901,989
 Sunshine hours1,349969
 Birth cohort with lowest sunshine hours1,9881,998
 Sunshine hours1,129691
By district of birth
 District with most sunshine hoursBrandenburg a. d. HavelPotsdam-Mittelmark
 Sunshine hours1,326885
 District with lowest sunshine hoursLeerLeer
 Sunshine hours1,083735
  • Data sources: School entry examinations, Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Brandenburg. Sunshine hours from 21 weather stations.

  • Notes: Panel A displays the mean and standard deviation of sunshine hours in the first six months of life and during pregnancy. Panel B provides information on the variation in sunshine hours in the two intervals by birth month, birth cohort, and district of birth.