Table 8

Heterogeneity in READY4K! Effects on Children’s Spring Early Literacy Assessment Scores

Sample of Children below Median of Baseline SkillsModel 1Model 2N
Panel A: Average Outcomes, First Year of Experiment
Average of all questions0.193
(0.155)		0.330*
(0.137)		198
Average of nonleveled questions0.128
(0.154)		0.253+
(0.145)		198
Panel B: Average Outcomes, Second Year of Experiment
Average of all questions0.306*
(0.132)		0.348+
(0.180)		207
Average of nonleveled questions0.250+
(0.135)		0.286
(0.183)		207
Panel C: All Outcomes, Pooled Sample
Average of all questions0.253*
(0.101)		0.313**
(0.108)		406
Average of nonleveled questions0.192+
(0.102)		0.261*
(0.112)		405
Upper-case letter recognition0.123
(0.101)		0.175+
(0.101)		400
Beginning word sound awareness−0.051
(0.137)		0.014
(0.126)		388
Print and word awareness0.179
(0.110)		0.179
(0.118)		391
Rhyme awareness0.11
(0.107)		0.118
(0.117)		378
Name writing0.218
(0.147)		0.287+
(0.156)		402
Probability of progressing to leveled portion of assessment−0.017
(0.046)		0.014
(0.047)		405
Lower-case letter recognition0.336+
(0.186)		0.529**
(0.182)		193
Letter sounds awareness0.366*
(0.215)		0.456*
(0.233)		171
Randomization site-by-year fixed effects✓✓ 
Administrative and fall parent survey covariates ✓ 
Fall literacy assessment covariates ✓ 

  • Notes: All outcomes are standardized by year. Standard errors are clustered at the randomization site-by-year level. Included covariates are detailed in Table 4.

  • ↵+ p < 0.10,

  • ↵* p < 0.05,

  • ↵** p < 0.01.