Table 3

Model Parameter Estimates

Description	Parameter	Estimate^{^a}	Standard Error^{^b}
Utility^{^c}
Leisure type 1	α_{0, type1}	35.44^*	5.48
Leisure type 2	α_{0, type2}	13.25^*	2.07
Leisure type 3	α_{0, type3}	−25.00^*	7.43
Leisure type 4	α_{0, type4}	5.25^*	0.96
Leisure type 5	α_{0, type5}	10.00^*	2.05
Leisure type 6	α_{0, type6}	14.62^*	1.2
Leisure × younger children	α_0,1	3.04^*	0.37
Leisure × older children	α_0,2	1.98^*	0.35
Leisure × married	α_0,3	−5.62^*	0.62
Leisure × black	α_0,4	−0.57	−
Leisure × Hispanic	α_0,5	1.29	0.93
Leisure × college	α_0,6	2.44^*	0.69
Leisure × age child	α_0,7	−0.10^*	0.05
Childcare type 1	α_{1, type1}	8.45^*	0.98
Childcare type 2	α_{1, type2}	2.33^*	0.74
Childcare type 3	α_{1, type3}	1.95	1.88
Childcare type 4	α_{1, type4}	−0.05	0.14
Childcare type 5	α_{1, type5}	2.92^*	0.85
Childcare type 6	α_{1, type6}	1.39^*	0.52
Childcare × age child	α_1,2	0.47^*	0.05
Childcare × older children	α_1,3	−1.88^*	0.26
Childcare × married	α_1,4	0.12	0.1
Childcare × black	α_1,5	−0.64	0.43
Childcare × Hispanic	α_1,6	−0.64	0.62
Childcare × college	α_1,7	2.87^*	0.47
Disutility work and no care	α₂	−2.26^*	0.36
Consumption × leisure	α₃	6.30^*	0.65
Consumption × leisure × married	α₄	3.17^*	0.74
Cognitive skills	α₅	1.55^*	0.39
Habit persistence no work	α₆	0.5	0.26
Habit persistence part-time work	α₇	4.50^*	0.61
Habit persistence full-time work	α₈	9.15^*	1.47
Habit persistence home care	α₉	0.1	0.12
Habit persistence part-time care	α₁₀	2.55^*	0.31
Habit persistence full-time care	α₁₁	0.00	0.31
SD leisure shock	σ₁	8.97^*	0.61
SD childcare utility shock	σ_cc	0.58^*	0.23
Initial cognitive skills
Cognitive endowment (type 1)		0.62	2.36
Cognitive endowment (type 2)		−1.12	2.13
Cognitive endowment (type 3)		−0.09	0.47
Cognitive endowment (type 4)		0.78	0.44
Cognitive endowment (type 5)		−0.88	3.75
Cognitive endowment (type 6)		−0.32	1.55
Black		−0.11	0.17
Hispanic		0.00865	0.14
College		0.03	0.11
Married		−0.12	0.24
Cognitive achievement production function
Intercept	δ₀	−0.05^*	0.02
Value-added	δ₁	0.81^*	0.07
Input	δ₂	0.29^*	0.08
SD cognitive skill shocks	σ_θ	0.28	0.17
Childcare quality offer distribution
Childcare quality mean (type 1)		−1.24	0.91
Childcare quality mean (type 2)		−0.1	0.63
Childcare quality mean (type 3)		−0.40^*	0.16
Childcare quality mean (type 4)		−0.40^*	0.16
Childcare quality mean (type 5)		−0.1	1.07
Childcare quality mean (type 6)		−0.53	0.34
Black		0.30^*	0.14
Hispanic		0.03	0.12
College		0.27^*	0.07
Married		0.09	0.09
SD childcare quality	σ_c	0.93^*	0.13
Hedonic equation
Intercept (type 1)		10.60^*	1.12
Intercept (type 2)		3.85^*	0.68
Intercept (type 3)		1.60^*	0.49
Intercept (type 4)		1.35^*	0.3
Intercept (type 5)		3.60^*	0.73
Intercept (type 6)		4.35^*	0.53
Black		−0.87^*	0.32
Hispanic		0.39	0.33
College		0.92^*	0.23
Married		1.10^*	0.3
Hedonic quality		0.29^*	0.12
SD price shock	σ_p	1.72^*	0.26
Head Start
Head Start quality mean	μ_hs	0.63^*	0.06
Head Start quality SD	σ_hs	0.41^*	0.04
Offer probability index intercept		−1.04^*	0.36
Offer probability index above cutoff		−1.88^*	0.56
Subsidy
Offer probability index intercept		−0.86	0.8
Home quality
Intercept (type 1)		−0.4	0.36
Intercept (type 2)		1.70^*	0.38
Intercept (type 3)		−0.0041	0.14
Intercept (type 4)		−0.15	0.15
Intercept (type 5)		0.52	0.72
Intercept (type 6)		0.12	0.33
Black		−0.38^*	0.11
Hispanic		−0.49^*	0.07
College		0.38^*	0.06
Married		0.26^*	0.07
Younger kids		−0.03	0.02
Older kids		0.00864	0.04
Maternal age		−0.00796^*	0.00336
SD home quality shock	σ_h	0.56^*	0.04
Wage offer equation
Intercept (type 1)		0.80^*	0.12
Intercept (type 2)		0.85^*	0.13
Intercept (type 3)		−0.3	0.15
Intercept (type 4)		0.50^*	0.06
Intercept (type 5)		0.80^*	0.12
Intercept (type 6)		0.20^*	0.05
Black		−0.10^*	0.04
Hispanic		−0.10^*	0.05
Education		0.13^*	0.00415
Experience		0.08^*	0.00442
Experience squared		−0.00207^*	0.00025
SD wage shock	σw	0.18^*	0.03
Income equation
Intercept (type 1)		8.57^*	0.29
Intercept (type 2)		8.12^*	0.46
Intercept (type 3)		8.72^*	0.31
Intercept (type 4)		7.83^*	0.17
Intercept (type 5)		8.12^*	0.63
Intercept (type 6)		7.83^*	0.2
Black		−0.20^*	0.1
Hispanic		−0.23^*	0.08
Education		0.09^*	0.00497
Experience		0.07^*	0.00538
Experience squared		−0.00184^*	0.00017
SD income shock	σy	0.00001	2.34
Divorce logit
Intercept		−5.34	4.41
Black		−0.1	–
Hispanic		−3.33	9.21
Education mother		−0.62^*	0.12
Kids		1.11^*	0.36
Older kids		2.85^*	0.47
Fertility logit
Intercept		−3.92^*	0.08
Black		0.01	–
Hispanic		−0.08	–
Education mother		0.03^*	0.0066
Married		0.81^*	0.06
Younger kids		0.17^*	0.05
Older kids		−0.17^*	0.04
Type probability
Probability type 1: Intercept		0.20^*	0.08
Probability type 1: Age first birth		0.00	0.02
Probability type 1: Married initial		0.30^*	0.06
Probability type 2: Intercept		0.40^*	0.13
Probability type 2: Age first birth		0.05^*	0.02
Probability type 2: Married initial		0.3	0.31
Probability type 3: Intercept		0.05	0.27
Probability type 3: Age first birth		0.01	0.01
Probability type 3: Married initial		0.55^*	0.2
Probability type 4: Intercept		0.00	0.19
Probability type 4: Age first birth		0.00	0.02
Probability type 4: Married initial		0.00	0.22
Probability type 5: Intercept		1.00^*	0.35
Probability type 5: Age first birth		0.00	0.06
Probability type 5: Married initial		1.00^*	0.38
Measurement and classification error
SD measurement error prices	σ_pm	0.86	0.5
SD measurement error wages	σ_wm	0.17^*	0.04
SD measurement error income	σ_ym	0.33^*	0.05
SD measurement error cognitive skills	σ_θm	0.51^*	0.16
SD measurement error childcare quality	σ_ccm	0.26	0.55
SD measurement error home quality	σ_hm	0.01	1.33
Classification error rate hours care	E_c	0.88^*	0.03
Classification error rate hours work	E_w	0.99^*	0.03

↵a* indicates statistically significant difference from zero at the 5% level.
↵b “–” in place of a standard error indicates that the inversion algorithm could not numerically compute the standard error at that particular point estimate.
↵c The utility parameters over cognitive skills and transition costs should be scaled up by 1,000, and parameters for consumption interactions should be scaled down by 10,000.