Table 5b

Estimated Gender Gap in Math Grades, Controlling for Test Scores and Noncognitive Skills

 First GradeThird GradeFifth Grade
 (a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)
I. Whites
    Male0.001
(0.028)		−0.062*
(0.025)		0.045
(0.025)		0.067
(0.038)		−0.082*
(0.034)		0.023
(0.036)		−0.026
(0.070)		−0.149**
(0.058)		−0.029
(0.053)
    Test scoret 0.499*** (0.014)0.420***
(0.014)		 0.608***
(0.020)		0.525***
(0.022)		 0.592***
(0.039)		0.518***
(0.041)
    ATL scoret–1  0.233***
(0.014)		  0.204***
(0.021)		  0.172***
(0.033)
    R20.1150.3260.3670.1160.3660.3950.1180.3610.382
    N5,9835,9835,9834,3384,3384,3382,1132,1132,113
II. Blacks
    Male−0.114
(0.072)		−0.069
(0.061)		0.024
(0.059)		−0.244**
(0.092)		−0.254**
(0.081)		−0.220**
(0.084)		0.029
(0.151)		−0.187
(0.134)		−0.084
(0.129)
    Test scoret 0.743***
(0.042)		0.638***
(0.044)		 0.538***
(0.049)		0.500***
(0.056)		 0.597***
(0.065)		0.487***
(0.069)
    ATL scoret–1  0.213***
(0.033)		  0.073
(0.053)		  0.237***
(0.067)
    R20.1150.3910.4250.1040.3090.3130.3010.5370.574
    N1,0941,0941,094576576576245245245
III. Hispanics
    Male−0.044
(0.060)		−0.094
(0.051)		−0.048
(0.053)		−0.172*
(0.078)		−0.252***
(0.072)		−0.169*
(0.071)		−0.168
(0.122)		−0.136
(0.081)		0.021
(0.088)
    Test scoret 0.587***
(0.038)		0.542***
(0.038)		 0.495***
(0.040)		0.439***
(0.047)		 0.742***
(0.053)		0.663***
(0.053)
    ATL scoret–1  0.120***
(0.029)		  0.128**
(0.043)		  0.212***
(0.045)
    R20.1330.3410.3510.1410.3220.3350.0770.4920.523
    N1,3241,3241,324879879879462462462

  • Notes: Test scores and grades are normalized to have mean=0 and variance=1. All regressions control for family, teacher, and school characteristics. Standard errors are in parentheses; ***, **, and * indicate statistical significance at 0.1, 1, and 5 percent levels, respectively.