Table 3

Effect of Motherhood on Ln(Real Yearly Earnings)

 Pooled OLSIndividual FEJob-match FE
Unconditional0.036***
(0.011)
−0.091***
(0.006)
−0.051***
(0.005)
+ education0.039***
(0.011)
−0.091***
(0.006)
−0.051***
(0.005)
+ part-time status0.069***
(0.008)
−0.034***
(0.006)
−0.027***
(0.005)
+ actual experience0.000
(0.008)
−0.028***
(0.006)
−0.022***
(0.005)
+ tenure0.000
(0.008)
−0.028***
(0.006)
−0.022***
(0.005)
+firm size0.000
(0.008)
−0.028***
(0.006)
−0.022***
(0.005)
+ occupation0.001
(0.008)
−0.027***
(0.006)
−0.023***
(0.005)
+ industry0.001
(0.008)
−0.026***
(0.005)
−0.023***
(0.005)
+ contract0.001
(0.008)
−0.026***
(0.005)
−0.023***
(0.005)
  • Notes: Total number of person-year observations: 83,403 of which 61,933 correspond to “always childless” women and 21,470 to “mothers or mothers to be.” Unconditional specification includes year, age, and province dummies.

  • *** Significant at 1 percent level; ** Significant at 5 percent level; * Significant at 10 percent level.