Table A2

Definitions and Means of All Explanatory Variables Included in Regressions by Any Maltreatment and Type of Maltreatment

Variable Name	Definition	Full Sample	Never Any Maltreatment	Ever Left Alone	Left Alone >10X	Ever Failed to Meet Needs	Ever Physical Abuse	Physical Abuse > 10X	Ever Sexual Abuse
Age 18^a	= 1 if 18 years old, = 0 otherwise	0.010	0.009	0.012	0.017	0.010	0.011	0.015	0.008
Age 19	= 1 if 19 years old, = 0 otherwise	0.095	0.090	0.104	0.093	0.093	0.091	0.070	0.114
Age 20	= 1 if 20 years old, = 0 otherwise	0.132	0.123	0.145	0.152	0.156	0.134	0.143	0.126
Age 21	= 1 if 21 years old, =0 otherwise	0.160	0.159	0.163	0.158	0.168	0.151	0.124	0.151
Age 22	= 1 if 22 years old, = 0 otherwise	0.190	0.186	0.189	0.166	0.182	0.201	0.197	0.182
Age 23	= 1 if 23 years old, = 0 otherwise	0.192	0.198	0.187	0.208	0.179	0.191	0.195	0.197
Age 24	= 1 if 24 years old, = 0 otherwise	0.160	0.170	0.145	0.150	0.141	0.160	0.194	0.152
Age 25	= 1 if 25 years old, = 0 otherwise	0.052	0.055	0.048	0.050	0.058	0.054	0.051	0.060
Age 26 +	= 1 if 26 years old or older, = 0 otherwise	0.009	0.010	0.008	0.006	0.012	0.006	0.011	0.011
Male	= 1 if male, = 0 otherwise	0.459	0.436	0.491	0.495	0.567	0.489	0.482	0.432
White	= 1 if white, = 0 otherwise	0.667	0.681	0.654	0.657	0.569	0.649	0.626	0.596
Black	= 1 if Black, = 0 otherwise	0.226	0.233	0.224	0.206	0.287	0.215	0.223	0.284
Other race^a	= 1 if other race, = 0 otherwise	0.107	0.087	0.122	0.138	0.144	0.136	0.150	0.120
Hispanic	= 1 if Hispanic, = 0 otherwise	0.159	0.146	0.170	0.150	0.201	0.189	0.176	0.204
U.S.-born	= 1 if born in the United States, = 0 otherwise	0.922	0.931	0.912	0.908	0.904	0.906	0.904	0.922
Mother Ed < HS^a	= 1 if the mother has less than high school degree, = 0 otherwise	0.157	0.151	0.163	0.165	0.223	0.174	0.183	0.223
Mother Ed = HS	= 1 if the mother has high school degree, = 0 otherwise	0.351	0.350	0.356	0.329	0.378	0.342	0.304	0.341
Mother Ed > HS	= 1 if the mother has more than high school degree, =0 otherwise	0.492	0.499	0.481	0.506	0.399	0.484	0.514	0.436
Jailed father	= 1 if the biological father was ever jailed, = 0 otherwise	0.144	0.103	0.189	0.241	0.222	0.205	0.245	0.246
Catholic	= 1 if parents are Catholic, =0 otherwise	0.287	0.272	0.297	0.287	0.284	0.313	0.268	0.284
Baptist	= 1 if parents are Baptist, = 0 otherwise	0.237	0.255	0.224	0.203	0.286	0.207	0.213	0.286
Other Protestant	= 1 if parents are other Protestant, =0 otherwise	0.244	0.253	0.238	0.248	0.200	0.229	0.230	0.176
Other Religion^a	= 1 if parents are other religion, =0 otherwise	0.169	0.165	0.170	0.182	0.157	0.181	0.220	0.172
No religion	= 1 if parents believe in no religion, = 0 otherwise	0.063	0.056	0.070	0.080	0.074	0.070	0.070	0.082
First child	= 1 if the person is the first child, = 0 otherwise	0.498	0.480	0.518	0.561	0.495	0.529	0.564	0.529
Welfare	= 1 if parents were on welfare during Wave I, = 0 otherwise	0.085	0.077	0.090	0.089	0.161	0.098	0.100	0.160
Very low birthweight	= 1 if birth weight was less than 1500 grams, = 0 otherwise	0.022	0.024	0.020	0.019	0.023	0.019	0.022	0.025
Low birthweight	= 1 if birth weight was between 15,00 and 25,00 grams, = 0 otherwise	0.088	0.084	0.096	0.085	0.093	0.088	0.095	0.115
Normal birthweight^a	= 1 if birth weight is greater than 2500 grams, = 0 otherwise	0.890	0.892	0.884	0.896	0.884	0.893	0.882	0.860
Sibling 0^a	= 1 if no siblings, = 0 otherwise	0.196	0.186	0.213	0.267	0.220	0.205	0.231	0.216
Sibling 1	= 1 if one sibling, = 0 otherwise	0.359	0.363	0.351	0.364	0.320	0.356	0.325	0.342
Sibling 2	= 1 if two siblings, = 0 otherwise	0.248	0.244	0.250	0.223	0.240	0.244	0.235	0.231
Sibling 3	= 1 if three sibling, = 0 otherwise	0.116	0.121	0.113	0.092	0.122	0.113	0.125	0.114
Sibling 4 +	= 1 if four or more siblings, =0 otherwise	0.081	0.085	0.073	0.053	0.098	0.082	0.083	0.097
Income < 50 percent	= 1 if parental income was less 50 percent of poverty line at Wave I, =0 otherwise	0.055	0.052	0.057	0.063	0.097	0.063	0.068	0.085
Income 50–100 percent	= 1 if parental income was between 50 percent and 100 percent of poverty line at Wave I, = 0 otherwise	0.082	0.080	0.085	0.081	0.127	0.086	0.090	0.141
Income 100–200 percent	= 1 if parental income was between 100 percent and 200 percent of poverty line at Wave I, = 0 otherwise	0.183	0.172	0.201	0.187	0.246	0.200	0.205	0.259
Income 200 percent^a	= 1 if parental income was greater than 200 percent of poverty line at Wave I, =0 otherwise	0.680	0.696	0.657	0.669	0.530	0.652	0.637	0.514
Biological father	= 1 if biological father was present at Wave I, = 0 otherwise	0.589	0.625	0.542	0.466	0.474	0.555	0.557	0.416
Stepfather	= 1 if step father was present at Wave I, = 0 otherwise	0.109	0.097	0.121	0.142	0.103	0.122	0.125	0.146
No Father^a	= 1 if no father was present at Wave I, = 0 otherwise	0.303	0.278	0.337	0.393	0.424	0.323	0.318	0.439
Mother age at birth ≤ 19^a	Mother’s age at respondent’s birth was 19 or less, = 0 otherwise	0.101	0.092	0.115	0.134	0.144	0.119	0.118	0.156
Mother age at birth 20–30	Mother’s age at respondent’s birth was between 20 and 30, = 0 otherwise	0.708	0.705	0.708	0.712	0.714	0.712	0.722	0.691
Mother age at birth 31–40	Mother’s age at respondent’s birth was between 31–40, = 0 otherwise	0.181	0.194	0.168	0.148	0.132	0.160	0.146	0.140
Mother age at birth 40 +	Mother’s age at respondent’s birth was greater than 40, = 0 otherwise	0.009	0.009	0.008	0.007	0.010	0.010	0.014	0.014

a Omitted category.
Notes: The models also include binary variables for the missing data on race, Hispanic Ethnicity, U.S.-born status, parental religiosity, first child, birth weight, number of siblings, parental welfare status, mother’s education, jailed father, family income, and mother’s age at respondent’s birth.