Table 5

Effect of Teacher Qualifications on Test Scores and Success in High School Admission

	Overall test score	Individual subject test scores					High school admission probit (marginal effects*100)
	Overall test score	Chinese	Mathematics	Physics	Chemistry	English	High school admission probit (marginal effects*100)
Percentage of teachers
- of Rank II (mean: 38.6 percent; standard deviation: 12.5 percent)	0.76^*** [0.16]	0.09^*** [0.02]	0.17^*** [0.06]	0.13^*** [0.03]	0.15^*** [0.03]	0.23^*** [0.06]	0.48^*** [0.14]
- of Ranks III and IV (mean: 27.6 percent; standard deviation: 11.9 percent)	1.10^*** [0.24]	0.15^*** [0.02]	0.23^*** [0.06]	0.13^** [0.06]	0.23^*** [0.05]	0.35^*** [0.07]	1.22^*** [0.28]
- with at least a university degree (mean: 54.2 percent; standard deviation: 15.2)	0.06 [0.07]	0.01 [0.01]	0.01 [0.02]	0.00 [0.02]	−0.01 [0.02]	0.06^** [0.03]	−0.015 [0.079]
- with informal training (mean: 31.6 percent; standard deviation 10.7 percent)	−0.45^*** [0.12]	−0.09^*** [0.02]	−0.12^** [0.05]	−0.08^** [0.03]	−0.08^** [0.03]	−0.07 [0.05]	−0.21 [0.16]
Average years of teaching (mean: 15.7; standard deviation: 3.2)	−4.22^*** [1.01]	−0.41^*** [0.12]	−1.33^*** [0.29]	−0.40 [0.24]	−0.86^*** [0.23]	−1.23^*** [0.36]	−2.75^** [1.07]
Number of observations	1,978	1,978	1,978	1,978	1,978	1,978	1,892
Mean of dependent variable	412.7	93.1	88.8	76.8	68.6	85.4	0.722
Standard deviation of dependent variable	52.6	7.6	16.2	10.7	9.8	18.5

Robust standard errors clustered at school level. p-value in brackets. * Significant at 10 percent;
↵** significant at 5 percent;
↵*** significant at 1 percent. All estimations include student gender, primary school dummy and test score, parents’ income and years of education, and selection channel fixed effects.