Exposure to Gifted with and without Social, Behavioral, or Emotional Difficulties
| Composite Test Score (All Students) (1) | Composite Test Score (Male Students) (2) | Composite Test Score (Female Students) (3) | Composite Test Score (All Students) (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to gifted with difficulties | −0.045 | −0.022 | −0.076 | 0.009 |
| (0.047) | (0.057) | (0.061) | (0.053) | |
| Exposure to gifted without difficulties | 0.123*** | 0.166*** | 0.075** | 0.139*** |
| (0.024) | (0.029) | (0.031) | (0.027) | |
| Female | −0.181*** | −0.170*** | ||
| (0.015) | (0.016) | |||
| (Exposure to gifted with difficulties) * (Female) | −0.110** | |||
| (0.055) | ||||
| (Exposure to gifted without difficulties) * (Female) | −0.029 | |||
| (0.028) | ||||
| Individual characteristics | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Classroom characteristics | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| School-by-year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 31,187 | 14,709 | 16,478 | 31,187 |
↵Notes: Significance: *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. Standard errors, shown in parentheses, are clustered at the classroom level. Individual characteristics include gender, native German speaker, and age at test. Classroom characteristics include class size, share of females, share of native German speakers, and average age at test. Data are from the School Psychological Service St. Gallen and the Stellwerk test service provider.