Table 7

Promise Effects on Enrollment and Completion Using Between-District Analysis

Dependent Variable	Enrollment within Six Months at:				Credential at Six Years:
Variables	Four-Year School	Four-Year Promise School	Four-Year Non-Promise School	Flagship School	Any Credential	BA/BS
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
After × KPS	0.071^**	0.110^**	−0.039^*	0.085^**	0.061	0.039
Robust standard error	[0.024]	[0.019]	[0.013]	[0.026]	[0.044]	[0.040]
Permutation inference p-value	0.032	0.032	0.065	0.032	0.258	0.258
Observations	332	332	332	332	181	181
Adjusted R-squared	0.834	0.830	0.721	0.743	0.906	0.897
Mean DV	0.259	0.181	0.078	0.041	0.238	0.179

↵Notes: Standard errors robust to heteroskedasticity are in brackets, *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. p-value is obtained using a placebo-regression permutation inference described in the text. Regressions include district-by-year proportions of students to teachers, students eligible for subsidized lunch, African-American students, and Hispanic students. For each observable, we also include the proportions of missings. The regressions control for district fixed effects, year-of-graduation time effects, and districtspecific linear time trends. Observations are weighted by the number of district graduates. The mean of the dependent variable is for the control districts in the pre-Promise period. The control districts consist of the Michigan Middle Cities Education Association (MCEA) districts described in the text.