Table 2

Measures of Reliability and Internal Consistency

Construct	Test–Retest Correlation	Cronbach’s Alpha of Test	Cronbach’s Alpha of Retest	# of Items	Construct	Test–Retest Correlation	Cronbach’s Alpha	# of Items
Panel A: Naive Score					Panel B: Factor/IRT Method
Cognitive	0.83	0.82	0.81	6	Cognitive (IRT)	0.86	0.82	6
Noncognitive	0.54	0.76	0.76	15	Noncognitive (factor)	0.56	0.70	6
Technical	0.31	0.45	0.48	5	Technical (IRT)	0.41	NA	1
Decomposition by subconstruct:					Decomposition by subconstruct:
Cognitive					Cognitive using IRT
Oral math questions	0.60	0.70	0.73	9	Oral math questions	0.65	Same as Panel 2A
Reading	0.82	0.77	0.77	12	Reading	0.80
Raven	0.64	0.88	0.88	36	Raven	0.61
Math (timed)	0.69	0.99	0.99	139	Math (timed)
Digit span	0.37	NA	NA	1	Digit span
Digit span backwards	0.46	NA	NA	1	Digit span backwards
Noncognitive					Noncognitive six factors
Locus of control	0.49	0.56	0.62	9	CESD	0.43	0.84	18
Self-esteem	0.32	0.28	0.36	4	Conscientiousness/tenacity	0.28	0.75	17
Causes of poverty	0.40	0.82	0.86	9	LOC/metacog./openness	0.32	0.71	19
Attitude towards change	0.37	0.37	0.43	5	Causes of poverty (all negative)	0.53	0.62	6
Organization/tenacity/self-control	0.26	0.42	0.48	6	Attitudes towards change/beans	0.38	0.60	14
Metacognitive ability	0.19	0.46	0.54	4	CESD positive/confidence/risk aversion	0.30	0.56	11
Optimism	0.22	0.17	0.26	3
Risk aversion	0.12	0.21	0.03	2
Patience	0.27	NA	NA	1
Big 5 agreeableness	0.25	0.39	0.31	4
Big 5 extraversion	0.23	0.33	0.37	4
Big 5 conscientiousness	0.33	0.51	0.26	6
Big 5 neuroticism	0.26	0.31	0.33	4
Big 5 openness	0.15	0.37	0.43	5
CESD	0.41	0.82	0.85	21
Technical					Technical using IRT
Intercrop/compo st	0.21	0.18	0.15	7	Technical	0.41	0.54	32
Maize	0.26	0.29	0.24	7
Banana	0.17	0.19	0.17	6
Soybean	0.13	0.13	0.11	4
Fertilizer	0.29	0.44	0.50	11

Notes: NA is not applicable; Cronbach’s alpha cannot be calculated when there is only one item. IRT is item response theory. In Panel B noncognitive variables have been demeaned to correct for the acquiescence bias.