QWI Mobility Analysis from the Hawaii Natural Experiment—Dijference-in-Differences Results
| Overall Separation Rate | Quarter Beginning Separation Rate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
| Panel A: Cross-Industry, Within-Hawaii | ||||||||
| Post × Tech | 0.0125* | 0.00272 | 0.0109 | 0.00373 | ||||
| (0.00701) | (0.00219) | (0.00737) | (0.00282) | |||||
| SR_Post × Tech | 0.0187*** | 0.00753*** | 0.0219*** | 0.00974*** | ||||
| (0.00487) | (0.00206) | (0.00653) | (0.00286) | |||||
| LR_Post × Tech | -0.000164 | -0.00728** | -0.0118 | -0.00876** | ||||
| (0.0185) | (0.00369) | (0.0211) | (0.00417) | |||||
| Observations | 413 | 413 | 3,321 | 3,321 | 452 | 452 | 3,423 | 3,423 |
| R-squared | 0.735 | 0.736 | 0.803 | 0.803 | 0.282 | 0.284 | 0.664 | 0.664 |
| Sample | Tech 2d | Tech 2d | All | All | Tech 2d | Tech 2d | All | All |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year-Quarter FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Panel B: Cross-State, Within-Tech | ||||||||
| Post × HI | 0.0114*** | 0.0115*** | 0.0113*** | 0.0114*** | ||||
| (0.00119) | (0.000875) | (0.000966) | (0.000716) | |||||
| SR_Post × HI | 0.0135*** | 0.0136*** | 0.0145*** | 0.0144*** | ||||
| (0.00128) | (0.000930) | (0.000567) | (0.000504) | |||||
| LR_Post × HI | 0.00706*** | 0.00718*** | 0.00479* | 0.00514*** | ||||
| (0.00237) | (0.00170) | (0.00241) | (0.00173) | |||||
| Observations | 3,651 | 3,651 | 4,653 | 4,653 | 3,720 | 3,720 | 4,752 | 4,752 |
| R-squared | 0.822 | 0.822 | 0.835 | 0.835 | 0.760 | 0.760 | 0.782 | 0.782 |
| Sample | 40 States | 40 states | All | All | 40 states | 40 states | All | All |
| Ind × Year-Qtr FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| State × Ind FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Notes:
↵* p < 0.1,
↵** p < 0.05,
↵*** p < 0.01.
Robust standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the industry level in Panel A and state level in Panel B. Data are from the QWI, 2013Q2–2017Q1. Data are limited to the state of Hawaii in Panel A, and to “Tech” industries in Panel B. “Tech” is defined as QWI four-digit industry classifications that cover software design, development and services, to concord with the definition of “technology business” in the Hawaii statute. The dependent variable in Columns 1–4 is the Overall Separation Rate defined as All Separations (that is, Sep) divided by Employment in the Reference Quarter (that is, EmpTotal). The dependent variable in Columns 5–8 is the Beginning-of-Quarter separation rate (that is, SepBegR). “Post” is defined as July 2015 and afterwards; SR_Post is 2015Q3–2016Q2, and LR_Postis 2016Q3–2016Q4 (latest date for which separations data was available). In Panel A, Columns 1–2 and 5–6 are limited to four-digit industries within the two-digit industries that contain the tech industries, while other columns include all industries. In Panel B, Columns 1–2 and 5–6 are limited to the 40 states closest to Hawaii in the CNC score in absolute terms, while other columns include all states. All specifications use Beginning-of-Quarter Employment (Emp) as (analytical) weights. Number of observations adjusts for weights and singleton cells, that is, drops zero weights and singleton-cells (when fixed effects are added). The mean (SD) of the Overall Separation Rate for Tech industries in the pre-July 2015 period is 0.091 (0.020) and for Beginning-of-Quarter Separation Rate is 0.085 (0.025).