The Association Between Absence and Wage—Private Sector Male Employees
| Outcome: Log of Wage | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Panel A: Child’s Sickness | ||||
| Temporary parental benefits (‘0000SEK) | –0.065*** | –0.031*** | –0.057*** | –0.030*** |
| (0.003) | (0.001) | (0.004) | (0.001) | |
| Unique job | 0.065*** | 0.031*** | ||
| (0.010) | (0.002) | |||
| Temporary parental benefits × Unique job | –0.044*** | –0.015*** | ||
| (0.005) | (0.002) | |||
| Observations | 2,623,040 | 2,617,129 | 2,623,040 | 2,617,129 |
| Panel B: Own Sickness | ||||
| Own sickness absence (dummy) | –0.137*** | –0.026*** | –0.131*** | –0.024*** |
| (0.003) | (0.001) | (0.004) | (0.001) | |
| Unique job | 0.079*** | 0.024*** | ||
| (0.007) | (0.001) | |||
| Own sickness absence × Unique Job | –0.015*** | –0.010*** | ||
| (0.004) | (0.001) | |||
| Observations | 9,962,029 | 9,940,002 | 9,962,029 | 9,940,002 |
| Year FE | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Workplace FE | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Occupation FE | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Covariates | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Notes: Standard errors clustered on workplace in parentheses. Covariates include years of education, age, age-squared, and number of children living at home. The period is 1997–2013. The outcome is the log of the full-time equivalent monthly wage. In Panel A, the temporary parental benefits replace foregone earnings due to absence caused by child sickness (caring for children who are too sick to be in daycare or in school). The SSIA pays out these benefits from the first day of absence. The amount has been divided by 10,000. There are 17 year fixed effects, 62,394 workplace fixed effects, and 113 occupation fixed effects. Estimations are performed on private sector male employees with children aged zero to ten. In Panel B, we focus on an indicator variable for receiving sickness benefits from the SSIA. The sickness benefits replace foregone earnings due to absence caused by own sickness. The SSIA pays out these benefits from the 15th day of absence; that is, only individuals with absence spells longer than 14 days can receive these benefits and thus have the value one on the indicator variable. There are 17 year fixed effects, 84,537 workplace fixed effects, and 113 occupation fixed effects. Estimations are performed on private sector male employees. Significance: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.