First Stage, Subsequent Antidepressant Use and Future Specialized Mental Healthcare
| Antidepressant Use | Specialized Mental Health Care | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 1–10 | Month 11–20 | Month 21–30 | Month 1–10 | Month 11–20 | Month 21–30 | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Panel A1: OLS | ||||||
| AD 1–10 mo after birth | 0.573** | 0.390** | 0.401** | 0.363** | 0.279** | |
| (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.008) | ||
| Panel A2: 2SLS | ||||||
| New patients aged 46–65 | 0.197** | |||||
| (0.050) | ||||||
| AD 1–10 mo. after birth | 0.609** | 0.687** | 0.064 | –0.005 | 0.193 | |
| (0.218) | (0.248) | (0.332) | (0.342) | (0.401) | ||
| Weak IV 95% AR confidence set | [0.111; 1.063] | [0.221; 1.299] | [−0.692; 0.689] | [−0.919; 0.637] | [−0.800; 1.107] | |
| Mean outcome | 0.025 | 0.028 | 0.030 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.043 |
| F-statistic first stage | 15.23 | 15.23 | 15.23 | 16.28 | 13.23 | 10.74 |
| Observations | 427,475 | 427,475 | 427,475 | 254,489 | 214,617 | 174,249 |
| Panel B1: OLS Top 25% Income | ||||||
| AD 1–10 mo. after birth | 0.612** | 0.421** | 0.438** | 0.348** | 0.250** | |
| (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.017) | (0.018) | (0.018) | ||
| Panel B2: 2SLS Top 25% Income | ||||||
| New patients aged 46–65 | 0.334** | |||||
| (0.071) | ||||||
| AD 1–10 mo. after birth | 0.612** | 0.560* | 0.095 | 0.245 | 0.661 | |
| (0.164) | (0.221) | (0.405) | (0.422) | (0.406) | ||
| Weak IV 95% AR confidence set | [0.272; 0.953] | [0.145; 1.018] | [−0.908; 0.937] | [−1.051; 1.123] | [−0.022; 1.825] | |
| Mean outcome | 0.013 | 0.014 | 0.016 | 0.028 | 0.026 | 0.026 |
| F-statistic first stage | 21.88 | 21.88 | 21.88 | 11.86 | 8.33 | 12.68 |
| Observations | 106,868 | 106,868 | 106,868 | 72,432 | 59,442 | 46,670 |
| Panel C1: OLS Bottom 75% Income | ||||||
| AD 1–0 mo. after birth | 0.566** | 0.385** | 0.393** | 0.365** | 0.283** | |
| (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (0.009) | ||
| Panel C2: 2SLS Bottom 75% Income | ||||||
| New patients aged 46–65 | 0.162** | |||||
| (0.060) | ||||||
| AD 1–10 mo. after birth | 0.646 | 0.750* | 0.063 | –0.088 | –0.039 | |
| (0.334) | (0.371) | (0.472) | (0.459) | (0.612) | ||
| Weak IV 95% AR confidence set | [−0.314; 1.540] | [0.052; 2.256] | [−1.291; 1.137] | [−1.680 0.867] | [−4.703; 1.475] | |
| Mean outcome | 0.029 | 0.033 | 0.035 | 0.051 | 0.050 | 0.049 |
| F-statistic first stage | 7.16 | 7.16 | 7.16 | 8.23 | 7.42 | 4.74 |
| Observations | 320,607 | 320,607 | 320,607 | 182,057 | 155,175 | 127,579 |
Notes: Panels B and C split the sample by household income (mean of the sum of maternal and paternal income in the two years prior to first birth). The antidepressant use dummies for months 1–10, 11–20, and 21–30 are equal to one if the woman was dispensed at least one script for antidepressants in these months. Specialized mental health care is a dummy variable for receipt of such care in the 1–10, 11–20, or 21–30 months after giving birth. All specifications contain area-level fixed effects, year of birth fixed effects, individual controls, and postal code–level controls. Robust standard errors are clustered at the area level and are shown in parentheses. Significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.