Table 6

Treatment Effects on Other Subjects’ Grades and Misinformation

LanguageNatural ScienceHistory
(1)(2)(3)
Panel A: Standardized Grades
T0.113*0.098*0.054
[0.059][0.057][0.044]
Observations1,9461,9161,916
Control mean0.000.000.00
Panel B: Misinformation
T–0.079**–0.048–0.054
[0.033][0.044][0.041]
Observations1,142973972
Control mean0.4990.5340.493
  • Notes: Panel A and Panel B show intention-to-treat (T) estimates on subjects not targeted by the intervention. Panel A shows the effect on grades and Panel B on parental misinformation regarding those grades. Point estimates and standard error were estimated using Equation 1 using OLS. All models include the baseline math grade, attendance rate as control variables, classroom (randomization strata), and year fixed effects. If baseline values of math grade/attendance were missing, we imputed them using the classroom-level mean and added an indicator variable for these imputed observations. Columns 1–3 of Panel A report results on outcomes that were standardized so that mean among the control students is zero and the standard deviation is one. Columns 1–3 of Panel B measure parental misinformation each subject grade. Parents are treated as misinformed if they do not answer or if the answered grade bracket does not match to the actual grade from administrative data. Standard errors are clustered at the classroom level (shown in parentheses). Significance: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.