Native Labor Market Outcomes by Education and Occupation
| Upper-Secondary | Tertiary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STEM | Non-STEM | STEM | Non-STEM | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Panel A: ln Gross Hourly Wage Rate of Natives | ||||
| 30min * 2002–2006 | 0.003 | −0.008 | 0.019 | 0.022 |
| (0.005) | (0.006) | (0.012) | (0.021) | |
| 30min * 2008–2010 | 0.004 | −0.009 | 0.012 | 0.041 |
| (0.006) | (0.007) | (0.016) | (0.026) | |
| Mean outcome | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.003 | −0.001 |
| SD outcome | 0.052 | 0.079 | 0.070 | 0.089 |
| Commuting zones | 106 | 106 | 98 | 100 |
| Within 30 min | 35 | 35 | 33 | 35 |
| N | 848 | 848 | 766 | 791 |
| Panel B: Share of Natives in a Managerial Position | ||||
| 30min * 2002–2006 | 0.004 | −0.006 | −0.020 | 0.053*** |
| (0.006) | (0.005) | (0.031) | (0.016) | |
| 30min * 2008–2010 | 0.002 | −0.010 | −0.032 | 0.032 |
| (0.007) | (0.006) | (0.034) | (0.022) | |
| Mean outcome | −0.000 | 0.000 | −0.007 | −0.001 |
| SD outcome | 0.028 | 0.032 | 0.130 | 0.113 |
| Commuting zones | 106 | 106 | 98 | 101 |
| Within 30 min | 35 | 35 | 33 | 35 |
| N | 848 | 848 | 766 | 798 |
| Panel C: ln Number of Natives Employed | ||||
| 30min * 2002–2006 | −0.049 | 0.012 | 0.047 | 0.097 |
| (0.048) | (0.048) | (0.078) | (0.083) | |
| 30min * 2008–2010 | −0.085 | 0.057 | −0.138 | 0.077 |
| (0.055) | (0.068) | (0.090) | (0.118) | |
| Mean outcome | 8.059 | 8.670 | 6.726 | 7.407 |
| SD outcome | 0.908 | 1.224 | 1.393 | 1.598 |
| Commuting zones | 106 | 106 | 98 | 101 |
| Within 30 min | 35 | 35 | 33 | 35 |
| N | 848 | 848 | 766 | 798 |
Source: SESS.
Notes: The table shows difference-in-differences estimates using biennial data at the commuting zone level for the period 1996–2010. The sample consists of employees aged 18–40. The dependent variable in Panel A is the mean natural log of gross hourly wage of natives (residualized) in an education–occupation category, in Panel B the share of natives holding at least a middle management position (residualized) in an education–occupation category, and in Panel C the natural log of number of natives employed in education–occupation category. Observations are weighed by the number of upper-secondary educated native employees in 1996 in Columns 1–2 and tertiary educated native employees in 1996 in Columns 3–4. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the commuting zone level. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < .01.