Exposure to Cross-Border Commuters by Education and Occupation
| Outcome: Share of Cross-Border Commuters | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper-Secondary | Tertiary | |||
| STEM | Non-STEM | STEM | Non-STEM | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| 30min * 2002–2006 | 0.024*** | 0.008 | 0.023 | 0.004 |
| (0.009) | (0.006) | (0.014) | (0.007) | |
| 30min * 2008–2016 | 0.033** | 0.019* | 0.044** | 0.026** |
| (0.015) | (0.011) | (0.020) | (0.010) | |
| Mean outcome | 0.081 | 0.039 | 0.096 | 0.050 |
| SD outcome | 0.125 | 0.063 | 0.129 | 0.069 |
| Commuting zones | 106 | 106 | 106 | 106 |
| Within 30 min | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| N | 848 | 848 | 824 | 837 |
Source: SESS.
Notes: The table shows difference-in-differences estimates using biennial data at the commuting zone level for the period 1996–2010. The dependent variable is the share of cross-border commuters in total employment by educational level and occupation. Observations are weighed by the number of total employees in 1996. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the commuting zone level. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.