Labor Market Concentration
| HHI | Mean | SD | P25 | P50 | P75 | P90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | 0.0589 | 0.1093 | 0.0097 | 0.0217 | 0.0546 | 0.1437 |
| France | 0.0657 | 0.1297 | 0.0055 | 0.0194 | 0.0604 | 0.1710 |
| Germany | 0.0591 | 0.1213 | 0.0057 | 0.0171 | 0.0511 | 0.1508 |
| Italy | 0.0636 | 0.1372 | 0.0047 | 0.0145 | 0.0530 | 0.1648 |
| Portugal | 0.0957 | 0.1686 | 0.0108 | 0.0311 | 0.0921 | 0.2654 |
| Spain | 0.0702 | 0.1490 | 0.0051 | 0.0169 | 0.0600 | 0.1806 |
Notes: Herfindahl–Hirschman index based on hiring, computed using firm-by-municipality identifiers. Local labor markets are defined based on four-digit occupations and functional areas (FAs). FAs are defined as FUAs and NUTS-3 regions (excluding the municipalities that are part of a FUA) for which at least 70 percent of the municipalities are not part of a FUA. Districts instead of NUTS-3 regions are used for Portugal. Statistics are weighted by the number of new hires. Labor market concentration is computed over the following time periods: 2011–2018 for Denmark, 2010–2017 for France, 2012–2018 for Germany, 2013–2018 for Italy, 2011–2019 for Portugal, and 2011–2017 for Spain.