Heterogeneity Analysis of Births by Parents’ Sociodemographic and Occupational Characteristics
| Dependent Variable: Log(Births) | Age | Marital Status | Skills |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mother Older vs. Younger (1) | Mother Married vs. Not Married (2) | At Least One Parent High-Skilled vs. None High-Skilled (3) | |
| Main effects: | |||
| Transition into child benefit (12/2007–03/2008) | 0.0125 (0.0080) | 0.0090 (0.0094) | 0.1303*** (0.0192) |
| Child benefit period (04/2008–09/2010) | 0.0461*** (0.0091) | 0.0229** (0.0096) | 0.0542*** (0.0132) |
| Transition out of child benefit (10/2010–12/2010) | 0.0653*** (0.0110) | 0.0432*** (0.0086) | 0.0145 (0.0106) |
| Post-child-benefit period (01/2011–12/2017) | −0.0296*** (0.0102) | −0.0508*** (0.0099) | 0.0198* (0.0105) |
| Interacted terms: | |||
| Transition into child benefit (12/2007–03/2008) | 0.0412*** (0.0100) | 0.0717*** (0.0153) | −0.2178*** (0.0337) |
| Child benefit period (04/2008–09/2010) | −0.0310*** (0.0077) | 0.0049 (0.0128) | −0.0730*** (0.0168) |
| Transition out of child benefit (10/2010–12/2010) | −0.0313** (0.0122) | 0.0016 (0.0166) | 0.0306 (0.0229) |
| Post-child-benefit period (01/2011–12/2017) | −0.0552*** (0.0108) | −0.0162 (0.0152) | −0.1675*** (0.0205) |
| Male (un)employment rates | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province-specific month | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province-specific month2 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province-specific month3 | Yes | ||
| Province FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Calendar month FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 21,400 | 21,400 | 21,400 |
| R-squared | 0.9909 | 0.9898 | 0.9859 |
| Average Y in 07/2006–06/2007 reference | 10.26 | 18.22 | 11.12 |
| Average Y in 07/2006–06/2007 interacted | 15.61 | 7.65 | 14.75 |
| Average Y in 05/2009–04/2010 reference | 11.43 | 16.93 | 13.54 |
| Average Y in 05/2009–04/2010 interacted | 14.60 | 9.10 | 12.49 |
Notes: OLS regressions. Monthly data on the 50 Spanish provinces between 01/2000 and 12/2017. Dependent variable is logarithm of number of births per day in each calendar month among women aged 15–44 years in the specific subgroup. Fully interacted model: all variables are interacted with dummy variable “younger,” “not married,” and “no parent is high-skilled” in Columns 1–3, respectively, and the dummy variable itself is also included. Division into younger (15–32 years) and older (33–44 years) age groups in Column 1 is based on median maternal age in 2000–2017. Category “not-high-skilled” includes low-skilled individuals and those out of the labor force. Births in 12/2010 and 01/2011 are set to missing. (Un)employment rates are included with a lag of three quarters. Standard errors are clustered at the province level.