Table 2

Effect of Relative Deprivation on Frequency of Alcohol Use

Explanatory VariablesDrinking FrequencyFrequency Drinking to Intoxication
Males 1Females 2Males 3Females 4
Head of household’s educationa0.021
(1.551)		−0.992
(1.163)		−2.077
(1.678)		−0.213
(0.959)
Head of household’s education squaredb0.028
(0.041)		0.031
(0.030)		0.088**
(0.044)		0.011
(0.026)
Relative deprivationc3.327***
(0.998)		0.311
(0.741)		2.297**
(0.999)		0.708
(0.609)
Age5.928***
(0.686)		3.261***
(0.532)		4 594***
(0.664)		2.298***
(0.444)
Black−3.765*
(2.013)		−1.982*
(1.047)		−2.306
(1.767)		−1.793**
(0.877)
Asian−0.251
(2.234)		−4 239***
(1.612)		3.308
(2.098)		−2.379**
(1.198)
Native American13.563***
(2.160)		4 641***
(1.045)		10.512***
(2.202)		1 979**
(0.863)
Other race4.092**
(1.852)		2.523**
(1.137)		3.998**
(1.709)		1.507*
(0.814)
Hispanic ethnicity5 469***
(1.731)		3.851***
(1.012)		4 944***
(1.576)		2.716***
(0.848)
U.S.-born0.477
(1.511)		4.052***
(1.055)		1.759
(1.377)		2.653***
(0.832)
Interviewed in spring−34.312***
(9.389)		8.380
(7.991)		−19.850**
(9.755)		4.224
(6.509)
Interviewed in winter27.376***
(5.445)		17 277***
(5.333)		27.321***
(5.703)		13.334***
(4.579)
Grade-level percent male0.097
(13.891)		2.239
(8.801)		−3.644
(11.391)		−3.968
(6.831)
Grade-level age1.078
(0.954)		0.626
(0.639)		0.463
(0.872)		−0.175
(0.508)
Grade-level percent Black−69.298***
(19.803)		−50.554***
(10.565)		−52.642***
(17.697)		−50.469***
(10.282)
Grade-level percent Asian36.338
(27.397)		−13.704
(16.888)		32.044
(24.001)		−2.889
(12.854)
Grade-level percent Native American36.258
(31.676)		55.905***
(20.195)		41.423
(26.589)		37.235**
(17.461)
Grade-level percent other race−60.460**
(30.686)		−18.970
(18.107)		−42.018
(32.247)		−11.522
(14.394)
Grade-level percent Hispanic30.824
(21.733)		−10.156
(16.247)		21.151
(20.706)		−17.507
(13.052)
Grade-level percent U.S.-born21.119
(22.187)		11.022
(12.749)		15.018
(20.348)		3.931
(10.625)
Number of students in grade0.020
(0.014)		0.037***
(0.008)		0.010
(0.012)		0.023***
(0.007)
Household size−0.743**
(0.365)		−0.979***
(0.246)		−0.432
(0.337)		−0.353*
(0.198)
Single-father household6.508***
(1.917)		5.263***
(1.455)		7.673***
(1.995)		4.284***
(1.092)
Single-mother household5172***
(1.160)		3.838***
(0.649)		5.961***
(1.215)		2.778***
(0.535)
N31,63533,96331,63533,963
Joint significance a, b: Prob > χ20.0050.4380.0000.543
Joint significance a, b, c: Prob > χ20.0000.0000.0000.000

  • Note: The marginal effects from the negative binomial regression are reported with standard errors in parentheses. Each model includes a constant and school fixed effects. All schooling and grade levels are expressed in years.

  • ↵* Significant at 10 percent.

  • ↵** Significant at 5 percent.

  • ↵*** Significant at 1 percent.