Head Start Impact for Representative Eligible Children, Participants, and Siblings Using Reweighting
FFE | Reweighted ATE, Target= | Diff. b/w FFE and Participant ATE | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Garces, Thomas, and Currie/Deming | Expand Sample/Replicate | HS Eligible | Participants | Siblings | ||
Panel A: Some College (PSID) | ||||||
Head Start | 0.281** (0.108) | 0.120** (0.053) | 0.052 (0.064) | 0.021 (0.059) | 0.064 (0.061) | 0.099** (0.032) |
Y mean in target | 0.556 | 0.387 | 0.437 | 0.556 | ||
Panel B: Economic Sufficiency Index, Age 30 (PSID) | ||||||
Head Start | −0.023 (0.102) | −0.071 (0.101) | −0.040 (0.099) | 0.021 (0.113) | 0.017 (0.066) | |
Y mean in target | 0.213 | −0.198 | −0.485 | 0.213 | ||
Panel C: High School Graduation (CNLSY) | ||||||
Head Start | 0.086*** (0.031) | 0.085*** (0.030) | 0.033 (0.042) | 0.048 (0.037) | 0.020 (0.044) | 0.037* (0.023) |
Y mean in target | 0.776 | 0.734 | 0.766 | 0.776 | ||
Panel D: Idle (CNLSY) | ||||||
Head Start | −0.071* (0.038) | −0.072* (0.037) | −0.061 (0.045) | −0.055 (0.042) | −0.067 (0.050) | −0.017 (0.026) |
Y mean in target | 0.197 | 0.221 | 0.201 | 0.197 | ||
Panel E: Learning Disability (CNLSY) | ||||||
Head Start | −0.059*** (0.020) | −0.059*** (0.021) | −0.031 (0.026) | −0.042* (0.022) | −0.040 (0.026) | 0.017 (0.015) |
Y mean in target | 0.051 | 0.055 | 0.041 | 0.051 | ||
Panel F: Poor Health (CNLSY) | ||||||
Head Start | −0.070*** (0.026) | −0.069*** (0.026) | −0.063* (0.037) | −0.067** (0.034) | −0.050 (0.038) | −0.003 (0.020) |
Y mean in target | 0.103 | 0.098 | 0.074 | 0.103 |
Notes: Column 1 of this table shows the FFE estimated impacts of Head Start for whites from Garces, Thomas, and Currie (2002) or for the whole sample from Deming (2009). Column 2 shows the FFE estimate using our expanded sample for PSID outcomes and using our replication sample for CNLSY outcomes. The outcomes in Panels A and B are taken from the PSID white sample, and the outcomes in Panels C to F are taken from the CNLSY sample. Columns 3–5 present reweighted estimates of the effect of Head Start for three target populations (shown in the column header) using the post-regression reweighting procedure, in which we multiply group-level estimates of the impact of Head Start by the representative weight for the target population of interest. Column 6 presents the difference in the estimate in Column 2 (FFE) and Column 4 (reweighted for participants). Sample size is N = 2,986 for the expanded sample, and 1,036 for Garces, Thomas, and Currie (2002). Standard errors obtained by bootstrapping.
↵* p < 0.10,
↵** p < 0.05,
↵*** p < 0.01.