Table 1

Summary Statistics

	Score	Pass	Proficiency	Previous z-Score
Asian	74.73 (16.80)	0.78 (0.41)	0.57 (0.49)	0.98 (1.54)
Black	61.21 (17.05)	0.50 (0.50)	0.23 (0.42)	-0.18 (1.34)
Hispanic	61.49 (17.23)	0.51 (0.50)	0.24 (0.42)	-0.16 (1.32)
Multiracial	69.65 (17.44)	0.69 (0.46)	0.44 (0.50)	0.34 (1.26)
Native American	61.96 (18.08)	0.51 (0.50)	0.26 (0.44)	-0.22 (1.45)
White	72.92 (16.78)	0.75 (0.43)	0.52 (0.50)	1.02 (1.56)
Total	64.86 (17.92)	0.57 (0.49)	0.32 (0.47)	0.16 (1.42)

Score

Pass

Proficiency

Previous z-Score

Asian

74.73

(16.80)

0.78

(0.41)

0.57

(0.49)

0.98

(1.54)

Black

61.21

(17.05)

0.50

(0.50)

0.23

(0.42)

-0.18

(1.34)

Hispanic

61.49

(17.23)

0.51

(0.50)

0.24

(0.42)

-0.16

(1.32)

Multiracial

69.65

(17.44)

0.69

(0.46)

0.44

(0.50)

0.34

(1.26)

Native American

61.96

(18.08)

0.51

(0.50)

0.26

(0.44)

-0.22

(1.45)

White

72.92

(16.78)

0.75

(0.43)

0.52

(0.50)

1.02

(1.56)

Total

64.86

(17.92)

0.57

(0.49)

0.32

(0.47)

0.16

(1.42)

Notes: Table 1 presents summary statistics for student performance variables. Standard deviations are in parentheses. Pass and Proficiency denote the fraction of scores above passing and college proficiency thresholds. Previous ability is measured as average z-scores from standardized math and verbal assessments in Grades 3–8.