Determinants of Reported and Administrative Food Stamp Receipt, Probit Marginal Effects, Linked Households with Income Less than Twice the Poverty Line
| ACS | CPS | SIPP | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Illinois | Maryland | Illinois | Maryland | IL&MD | ||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | |
| Dependent variable | Survey Report | Admin. Receipt | Survey Report | Admin. Receipt | Survey Report | Admin. Receipt | Survey Report | Admin. Receipt | Survey Report | Admin. Receipt |
| Single, no children | 0.0670 (0.0320) | 0.1164a (0.0361) | 0.0861 (0.0461) | 0.1485 (0.0515) | –0.0119 (0.0256) | 0.0001 (0.0386) | –0.0687 (0.0511) | –0.0229 (0.0623) | 0.0505 (0.0223) | 0.0329 (0.0278) |
| Single, with children | 0.1076 (0.0247) | 0.1429a (0.0272) | 0.1083 (0.0351) | 0.1965b (0.0389) | 0.0547 (0.0214) | 0.1333b (0.0308) | 0.0133 (0.0437) | 0.0775 (0.0491) | 0.1262 (0.0149) | 0.1280 (0.0185) |
| Multiple adults, no children | 0.0696 (0.0344) | 0.0959 (0.0392) | 0.0547 (0.0500) | 0.0975 (0.0547) | 0.0192 (0.0226) | 0.0664 (0.0346) | –0.0509 (0.0413) | 0.0235 (0.0560) | 0.0186 (0.0245) | –0.0064 (0.0307) |
| Number of members under 18 | 0.0188 (0.0099) | –0.0066b (0.0145) | 0.0202 (0.0144) | 0.0027 (0.0191) | 0.0227 (0.0058) | 0.0309 (0.0087) | 0.0235 (0.0117) | 0.0541a (0.0181) | 0.0199 (0.0065) | 0.0052 (0.0113) |
| Number of members 18 or older | 0.0027 (0.0111) | –0.0201a (0.0138) | 0.0039 (0.0174) | 0.0153 (0.0208) | –0.0069 (0.0104) | 0.0128 (0.0143) | –0.0213 (0.0258) | 0.0055 (0.0246) | 0.0155 (0.0074) | –0.0121c (0.0096) |
| Number of members PIKed | 0.0145 (0.0076) | 0.0692c (0.0131) | 0.0165 (0.0118) | 0.0612c (0.0183) | 0.0048 (0.0036) | 0.0281c (0.0069) | ||||
| Age 16–29 | –0.0208 (0.0231) | –0.0055 (0.0264) | 0.0274 (0.0300) | 0.0141 (0.0332) | –0.0111 (0.0198) | –0.0378 (0.0291) | –0.0086 (0.0287) | –0.0428 (0.0431) | 0.0298 (0.0159) | 0.0210 (0.0205) |
| Age 30–39 | 0.0061 (0.0221) | 0.0061 (0.0262) | –0.0386 (0.0288) | –0.0454 (0.0323) | –0.0118 (0.0194) | 0.0040 (0.0280) | –0.0285 (0.0257) | –0.0043 (0.0419) | 0.0338 (0.0150) | –0.0151c (0.0188) |
| Age 50–59 | –0.0981 (0.0261) | –0.0405b (0.0294) | –0.0315 (0.0366) | –0.0375 (0.0369) | 0.0016 (0.0228) | 0.0287 (0.0369) | 0.0249 (0.0291) | 0.0382 (0.0461) | 0.0112 (0.0171) | –0.0269b (0.0190) |
| Age 60–69 | –0.1144 (0.0278) | –0.0806 (0.0320) | –0.0856 (0.0358) | –0.0702 (0.0384) | –0.0110 (0.0240) | –0.0625 (0.0353) | 0.0372 (0.0344) | –0.0052 (0.0519) | –0.0039 (0.0175) | –0.0075 (0.0219) |
| Age ≥70 | –0.1641 (0.0278) | –0.1619 (0.0321) | –0.1346 (0.0359) | –0.1354 (0.0386) | –0.1313 (0.0254) | –0.1579 (0.0352) | –0.0714 (0.0353) | –0.1675a (0.0599) | 0.0080 (0.0174) | 0.0316 (0.0206) |
| Less than high school | 0.0648 (0.0184) | 0.0687 (0.0218) | 0.0739 (0.0237) | 0.1089a (0.0271) | 0.0503 (0.0165) | 0.0455 (0.0248) | –0.0056 (0.0262) | 0.0073 (0.0405) | 0.0100 (0.0122) | 0.0077 (0.0155) |
| High school graduate | 0.0239 (0.0186) | 0.0318 (0.0212) | 0.0130 (0.0232) | 0.0510 (0.0255) | 0.0266 (0.0158) | 0.0409 (0.0236) | 0.0031 (0.0241) | –0.0085 (0.0360) | 0.0137 (0.0114) | 0.0387a (0.0139) |
| College graduate and beyond | –0.0584 (0.0313) | –0.0569 (0.0329) | 0.0114 (0.0361) | –0.0147 (0.0407) | –0.0892 (0.0267) | –0.1557 (0.0442) | 0.0191 (0.0300) | –0.0420 (0.0510) | –0.0223 (0.0152) | 0.0004 (0.0187) |
| White | –0.0380 (0.0178) | –0.0801c (0.0191) | 0.0055 (0.0187) | –0.0355b (0.0211) | –0.0211 (0.0133) | –0.0762c (0.0196) | 0.0048 (0.0182) | –0.0118 (0.0261) | –0.0767 (0.0100) | –0.1069c (0.0112) |
| Employed | –0.0380 (0.0164) | –0.0217 (0.0188) | –0.0488 (0.0227) | –0.0078a (0.0247) | –0.0399 (0.0141) | –0.0665 (0.0207) | –0.0391 (0.0191) | –0.0633 (0.0280) | –0.0146 (0.0092) | –0.0275 (0.0112) |
| Income divided by poverty line | –0.0007 (0.0100) | –0.0007 (0.0001) | –0.0010 (0.0001) | –0.0013b (0.0001) | –0.0009 (0.0002) | –0.0015c (0.0001) | –0.0003 (0.0002) | –0.0003 (0.0001) | –0.0841 (0.0002) | –0.1028a (0.0083) |
| Disabled | 0.0906 (0.0182) | 0.0774 (0.0209) | 0.0773 (0.0235) | 0.0933 (0.0249) | 0.0466 (0.0451) | 0.0377 (0.0719) | 0.1046 (0.0629) | 0.0022a (0.0867) | 0.1220 (0.0116) | 0.1550b (0.0143) |
| Disabled, not working | 0.0271 (0.0193) | 0.0086 (0.0224) | 0.0093 (0.0242) | 0.0465 (0.0266) | ||||||
| Speaks English only | 0.0343 (0.0207) | 0.0850c (0.0245) | 0.0716 (0.0306) | 0.0772 (0.0393) | ||||||
| Speaks no or poor English | 0.0393 (0.0138) | 0.0814c (0.0167) | ||||||||
| Rural | 0.0293 (0.0191) | 0.0458 (0.0189) | 0.0499 (0.0183) | 0.0491 (0.0225) | 0.0275 (0.0167) | 0.0383 (0.0262) | 0.0495 (0.0278) | 0.0682 (0.0388) | 0.0386 (0.0122) | 0.0384 (0.0160) |
| Reported public assistance receipt | 0.3189 (0.0240) | 0.2386b (0.0315) | 0.3020 (0.0324) | 0.3728 (0.0408) | 0.2179 (0.0268) | 0.2077 (0.0432) | 0.1934 (0.0327) | 0.2246 (0.0590) | 0.1676 (0.0244) | 0.0883c (0.0262) |
| Reported housing assistance receipt | 0.1461 (0.0184) | 0.1811b (0.0217) | 0.1021 (0.0198) | 0.1337 (0.0241) | 0.1517 (0.0147) | 0.1999 (0.0243) | 0.1378 (0.0221) | 0.1593 (0.0364) | 0.1522 (0.0116) | 0.1355 (0.0132) |
| Linear time trend | 0.0039 (0.0053) | 0.0180a (0.0079) | –0.0002 (0.0096) | 0.0329b (0.0164) | ||||||
| 2001 | –0.0373 (0.0124) | –0.0687b (0.0152) | ||||||||
| 2002 | –0.0360 (0.0133) | –0.0517 (0.0164) | ||||||||
| 2003 | –0.0228 (0.0137) | –0.0581b (0.0180) | ||||||||
| 2005 | 0.0188 (0.0167) | –0.0207c (0.0195) | ||||||||
| Household in MD | –0.0493 (0.0146) | –0.0008c (0.0161) | ||||||||
| Observations | 4,591 | 4,146 | 1,945 | 1,799 | 2,981 | 2,151 | 808 | 640 | 4,177 | 2,973 |
| p-value admin equal survey (jointly) | <0.0001 | 0.0004 | <0.0001 | 0.0085 | <0.0001 | |||||
↵Notes: For each survey, the first column contains estimates from a probit model using reported receipt as the dependent variable. The second column estimates the same model using the administrative receipt measure as the dependent variable. Superscript a, b, and c in these columns indicate that a χ2-test whether the survey and administrative estimates are equal rejects at the 10, 5, and 1 percent level, respectively. Standard errors of the estimates are in parentheses. All analyses conducted using household weights adjusted for PIK probability. All demographic characteristics refer to the reference person. The unreported omitted family type is multiple adults with children, the age group is 40–49, the education group is some college, the race group is nonwhite, the employment group is not employed, and the geographic area is within MSA. For the CPS, samples are pooled across all years (2002–2005). For the SIPP, samples include both states, are collapsed to the wave level, and are pooled across all years (IL: 10/2000–10/2004, MD: 10/2000–12/2003).