Associations between Percentile Rank of Parental Health Index and Firstborn Grandchild’s Health at Birth
| Hospitalization | Health Index | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Weight | Low Birth Weight | APGAR <9 | Birth Weight | Low Birth Weight | APGAR <9 | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Nonadoptees | ||||||
| Biological parents | 0.0090*** | -0.0001*** | -0.00004*** | 0.0255*** | -0.0002*** | -0.0001*** |
| (0.0018) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0018) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | |
| Observations | 623,795 | 623,795 | 570,658 | 623,795 | 623,795 | 570,658 |
| Adoptees | ||||||
| Biological parents | -0.0026 | -0.0000 | -0.0005** | 0.0241 | -0.0004 | -0.0002 |
| (0.0307) | (0.0003) | (0.0003) | (0.0314) | (0.0003) | (0.0003) | |
| Adopting parents | 0.0708** | -0.0006** | -0.0002 | 0.0701** | -0.0003 | -0.0002 |
| (0.0316) | (0.0002) | (0.0003) | (0.0305) | (0.0002) | (0.0003) | |
| Observations | 2,152 | 2,152 | 1,964 | 2,152 | 2,152 | 1,964 |
Notes: Results from OLS regressions. Robust standard errors in parentheses; significance *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. Each column represents a separate regression, and all regressions include indicators for mother’s age at birth, child gender, year of birth, and grandparents’ birth cohort. The dependent variable in Columns 1 and 4 is birth weight measured in grams and scaled into percentile ranks, in Columns 2 and 5 it is a binary variable capturing if birth weight <2,500 grams, and in Columns 3 and 6 the dependent variables is a binary variable capturing if APGAR score at five minutes is below 9.