Notes: Each cell represents a separate OLS regression with standard errors clustered at the birth county level in parentheses. Observations are at the birth county by birth month level and are weighted by the number of births in each county in 1964. The dependent variable is the fraction of white or nonwhite individuals in a given birth county–birth month cohort who are later convicted of a crime or particular crime type in North Carolina by age 24. All specifications include birth county and birth month fixed effects, as well as baseline county characteristics (1960) interacted with a trend in birth month. Baseline (1960) birth county characteristics include: percent of land in farming, percent of people living in families with less than $3,000, percent of population in urban area, percent Black, percent less than age five, percent greater than age 65, and percent of employment in agriculture. The sample is restricted to cohorts who were born between 1964 and 1974 in the 75 counties where the number of births is available by race prior to 1968. Significance levels:

↵* p < 0.10;

↵** p < 0.05,

*** p < 0.01.