| Schooling | Log-Earnings | Earnings | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A1: Fathers’ Income | |||
| First quartile | –0.0161 (0.0144) | 0.0019 (0.0030) | 0.0018 (0.0037) |
| Second and third quartile | –0.0098 (0.0107) | 0.0022 (0.0020) | 0.0034 (0.0025) |
| Fourth quartile | –0.0010 (0.0200) | –0.0067** (0.0029) | –0.0024 (0.0044) |
| Panel A2: Mothers’ Income | |||
| First quartile | –0.0016 (0.0133) | –0.0007 (0.0030) | 0.0016 (0.0040) |
| Second and third quartile | –0.0134 (0.0126) | –0.0011 (0.0021) | 0.0003 (0.0028) |
| Fourth quartile | –0.0088 (0.0158) | 0.0050* (0.0028) | 0.0060 (0.0041) |
| Panel A3: Family Income | |||
| First quartile | –0.0065 (0.0145) | 0.0009 (0.0029) | 0.0004 (0.0035) |
| Second and third quartile | –0.0130 (0.0127) | 0.0008 (0.0019) | 0.0019 (0.0027) |
| Fourth quartile | –0.0053 (0.0196) | –0.0021 (0.0028) | 0.0032 (0.0043) |
| Panel B: Parental Education | |||
| Low education | –0.0142 (0.0144) | 0.0009 (0.0035) | –0.0010 (0.0042) |
| Other families | –0.0060 (0.0104) | 0.0002 (0.0019) | 0.0029 (0.0024) |
| Panel C: Immigrant Status | |||
| Immigrant | –0.0039 (0.0360) | –0.0075 (0.0067) | –0.0022 (0.0104) |
| Nonimmigrant | –0.0083 (0.0094) | 0.0009 (0.0018) | 0.0026 (0.0023) |
| Panel D: Sex | |||
| Boy | –0.0043 (0.0117) | 0.0013 (0.0027) | 0.0039 (0.0038) |
| Girl | –0.0105 (0.0117) | –0.0006 (0.0019) | –0.0001 (0.0022) |
↵Notes: This table shows the IV estimates using the baseline specification in Table 3 fully interacted with individual and family background characteristics. Panel A1, A2, and A3 show the class-size effects for students with low (first quartile), middle (second and third quartiles), and high-income (fourth quartiles) fathers, mothers, and families, respectively. Panel B shows the class-size effect for pupils from low education families (neither parent has more than compulsory schooling) and other families, Panel C how the class-size effect for students with immigrant and nonimmigrant background, and Panel D shows the class-size effect for both genders. Standard errors clustered at the school level are reported in parentheses. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05.