Table 5

Contemporaneous Effects in Seventh Grade

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Female student	0.028	0.088	0.050	0.035	0.058
	(0.055)	(0.057)	(0.042)	(0.049)	(0.054)
Female teacher in Grade 7	−0.061	−0.064	0.023	0.009	0.029	−0.041
	(0.075)	(0.114)	(0.071)	(0.074)	(0.093)	(0.111)
Female student × Female teacher in Grade 7	0.139^**	0.148^**	0.147^***	0.161^***	0.147^**	0.187^**	0.190^***
(0.061)	(0.064)	(0.047)	(0.054)	(0.059)	(0.081)	(0.068)
Observations	10,196	10,196	10,047	8,369	7,521	9,026	10,047
R²	0.006	0.171	0.388	0.399	0.384	0.824	0.819
School × Subject FEs		Yes
School × Subject × Ability group FEs			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Student controls				Yes	Yes
Teacher controls					Yes	Yes
Student FEs						Yes	Yes
Teacher FEs							Yes

↵Notes: Each column shows results from a separate regression with standardized seventh grade test score as the dependent variable. Student controls include family income, number of siblings, and indicators for parents living together, both parents working, at least one parent having college degree or higher, and the student having attended a private elementary school. Teacher controls include teacher’s age and indicators for having less than five years of experience, graduating from a teachers college, having a graduate degree, and having administrative teacher responsibility. In Columns 6 and 7, female student and female teacher indicators are subsumed by student fixed effects and teacher fixed effects, respectively. Ability grouping is defined by seventh grade ability groups. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at school level. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.