Effects on Peer and Teacher Quality in Later Years
| Dependent Variable | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Quality in | Teacher Quality in | |||||||
| 8th Grade (1) | 9th Grade (2) | 10th Grade (3) | 12th Grade (4) | 8th Grade (5) | 9th Grade (6) | 10th Grade (7) | 12th Grade (8) | |
| Female student | −0.008 | 0.000 | −0.001 | 0.022 | 0.002 | 0.011 | 0.018 | −0.023 |
| (0.026) | (0.007) | (0.041) | (0.042) | (0.013) | (0.010) | (0.034) | (0.058) | |
| Female teacher in Grade 7 | −0.022 | 0.005 | −0.065 | −0.086 | 0.013 | −0.010 | −0.007 | −0.067 |
| (0.021) | (0.009) | (0.056) | (0.053) | (0.017) | (0.014) | (0.037) | (0.050) | |
| Female student × Female teacher in Grade 7 | −0.003 | 0.002 | 0.158*** | 0.127*** | 0.008 | −0.006 | 0.096** | 0.116* |
| (0.026) | (0.008) | (0.046) | (0.045) | (0.013) | (0.012) | (0.041) | (0.061) | |
| Observations | 9,617 | 9,230 | 7,106 | 6,916 | 9,578 | 9,191 | 6,918 | 5,583 |
| R2 | 0.659 | 0.817 | 0.215 | 0.160 | 0.430 | 0.509 | 0.314 | 0.176 |
↵Notes: Each column represents a separate regression, controlling for school-by-subject-by-ability-group fixed effects. The dependent variables in Columns 1–4 are peer quality measures, and those in Columns 5–8 are teacher quality measures. Peer quality is defined as the mean standardized test score in previous year, excluding a student’s own score, for each subject teacher. Teacher quality is the teacher fixed effect in Grades 8, 9, 10, and 12, obtained as follows: for each teacher j in gth grade (where g = 8, 9, 10, and 12), take all the students taught by teacher j. Then, for each gth grade student i under teacher j, calculate the leave-out means (excluding student i) for (g – 1 )th and gth grade test scores. Next, regress the leave-out mean for gth grade on that for (g – 1)th grade and gth grade teacher fixed effects, controlling for the seventh grade school-by-subject-by-ability-group fixed effects. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at school level. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.