Table 6

Effects over Time

	Dependent Variable = Standardized Test Scores in
	8th Grade (1)	9th Grade (2)	10th Grade (3)	11th Grade (4)	12th Grade (5)
Panel A: Controls for School × Subject × Ability Group Fixed Effects
Female student	0.087^*	0.067	0.051	0.093	0.044
	(0.048)	(0.065)	(0.057)	(0.061)	(0.070)
Female teacher in Grade 7	−0.055	−0.126^**	−0.081	−0.051	−0.063
	(0.050)	(0.060)	(0.071)	(0.073)	(0.073)
Female student × Female teacher in Grade 7	0.125^**	0.140^*	0.125^*	0.104	0.170^**
(0.054)	(0.070)	(0.065)	(0.066)	(0.068)
Observations	9,663	9,232	7,497	7,376	7,184
R²	0.317	0.236	0.174	0.168	0.122
Panel B: Controls for School × Subject × Ability Group FEs, Student FEs, and Teacher FEs
Female student × Female teacher in Grade 7	0.164^**	0.169	0.131	0.192^*	0.254^**
(0.073)	(0.105)	(0.106)	(0.104)	(0.101)
Observations	9,663	9,232	7,497	7,376	7,184
R²	0.783	0.691	0.593	0.704	0.703

↵Notes: Each column shows results from a separate regression. Dependent variables in Columns 1–5 are standardized test scores within a subject and a year, in Grades 8–12, respectively. Panel A controls for seventh grade school-by-subject-by-seventh-grade-ability-group fixed effects, and Panel B adds seventh grade student fixed effects and seventh grade teacher fixed effects. In Panel B, female student and female teacher dummies are subsumed by student fixed effects and teacher fixed effects, respectively. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at school level. *p < 0.10, **p <0.05, ***p < 0.01.