Table 1

Determinants of Changes in Educational Inputs for Blacks

Mean (standard deviation)Black Exposure to WhitesBlack Student-Teacher RatioPer-Pupil Current Expenditure
Black share of enrollment, 19600.405
(0.162)
−1.051
(0.064)c
− 1.022
(0.082)c
− 7.434
(2.622)c
−5.322
(2.233)c
1.925
(0.390)c
2.174
(0.371)c
Percent black VAP Registered to vote, 19600.359
(0.282)
0.049
(0.053)
1.859
(1.187)
0.253
(0.207)
Nonwhite median income, 19608.952
(1.938)
−0.010
(0.009)
0.123
(0.259)
0.000
(0.031)
Nonwhite median Years of education, 19603.365
(1.082)
0.003
(0.015)
1.301
(0.360)c
−0.062
(0.045)
Percent of households with complete plumbing0.519
(0.135)
−0.152
(0.125)
3.471
(3.877)
− 1.373
(0.534)c
Percent of population in urban areas0.341
(0.241)
−0.111
(0.06 l)a
− 1.341
(1.823)
0.467
(0.268)a
Change in per-pupil instructional spending for blacks, 1955–590.258
(0.089)
−0.100
(0.132)
16.724
(3.612)c
− 1.808
(0.444)c
Change in percent of VAP blacks registered to vote, 1964–680.299
(0.178)
−0.164
(0.077)c
0.204
(2.365)
−0.418
(0.394)
Ln change in employment0.353
(0.206)
0.059
(0.048)
1.150
(1.747)
0.075
(0.280)
Constant0.878
(0.03l)c
1.103
(0.111)c
−2.924
(1.155)c
−16.046
(2.865)c
1.448
(0.157)c
2.644
(0.425)c
N63636363636363
R-squared0.740.840.130.450.330.56
  • Notes: Huber-White heteroskedasticity-adjusted robust standard errors in parentheses.

  • a Significant at the 10 percent level.

  • b Significant at the 5 percent level.

  • c Significant at the 1 percent level.