Reduced-Form Estimates
| Independent Variable | Dependent Variable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years of Schooling | 12+ Years (×100) | Log (Income) | Poverty Status < 150 percent (× 100) | |
| Panel A: Pre-eradication cohorts, 1900–36 (1960 Census, N = 1,813) | ||||
| TEMP2228 · HIGH | −1.045 (0.332)*** | − 14.784 (4.641)*** | −0.935 (0.424)** | 11.588 (4.244)*** |
| TEMP2228 | 0.216 (0.298) | 4.874 (4.490) | 0.735 (0.422)* | −4.77 (4.622) |
| Panel B: Post-eradication cohorts, 1937–56 (1980 Census, N = 980) | ||||
| TEMP2228 · HIGH | −0.205 (0.437) | − 10.715 (5.259)** | 0.338 (0.411) | 1.553 (5.600) |
| TEMP2228 | 0.028 (0.338) | 3.133 (3.801) | −0.049 (0.347) | 2.223 (3.839) |
| PRCP, PRCPSQDa | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| State fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| State-specific linear trends | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
↵Notes: * significant at 10 percent; ** significant at 5 percent; *** significant at 1 percent. Standard errors (in parenthesis) are clustered on state of birth. All regressions are weighted by the number of underlying individuals in the state-year cohort.
↵a The reduced-form estimates control for precipitation and precipitation squared in “high” and “low” malaria states, respectively.