Table 6

Comparing results from alternative predictions

Dependent variable: Child hospitalized in last year for respiratory condition ( = 1 )Monitors within 50 miles for all pollutantsaMonitors within 30 miles for all pollutantsMonitors within 15 miles for all pollutantsAt least one monitor in country for all pollutants
All at onceOne at a timeIDW 30(CO) KrigingIDW15(CO) KrigingCounty weighted average(CO) Kriging
All controls
    CO0.002
[0.008]
0.004
[0.008]
0.004
[0.007]
−0.003
[0.013]
0.007
[0.026]
−0.029
[0.030]
−0.003
[0.007]
0.009
[0.014]
    PM10 (*100)0.026
[0.029]
0.03
[0.029]
−0.049*
[0.027]
−0.021
[0.042]
0.022
[0.151]
0.057
[0.218]
0.01
[0.054]
0.025
[0.107]
    SO20.271
[0.492]
0.545
[0.465]
0.745
[0.934]
−0.005
[1.168]
−3.887
[3.349]
−2.06
[3.763]
−0.112
[1.132]
1.459
[1.637]
    NO2−0.055
[0.357]
−0.003
[0.337]
−0.345
[0.446]
0.043
[0.538]
−0.435
[1.243]
−0.747
[1.541]
—1.137***
[0.370]
−0.141
[0.644]
    O30.207**
[0.104]
0.216**
[0.104]
0.072
[0.229]
0.182
[0.120]
−0.761
[0.524]
−0.499
[0.518]
−0.299
[0.337]
0.379
[0.263]
    Observations114612643486434812103121034335343353
    R-squared0.280.360.360.580.580.370.37
All controls and family fixed effects
    CO0.024**
[0.011]
0.025**
[0.011]
0
[0.009]
0.01
[0.012]
−0.017
[0.028]
−0.004
[0.035]
0.008
[0.013]
0.009
[0.019]
    PM10 (*100)−0.007
[0.047]
0.006
[0.051]
−0.093**
[0.044]
−0.122**
[0.061]
−0.045
[0.110]
−0.051
[0.218]
−0.02
[0.067]
−0.039
[0.088]
    SO20.239
[1.117]
0.538
[1.186]
2.081**
[0.938]
0.619
[1.737]
1.297
[2.253]
3.873
[2.393]
0.904
[1.543]
1.787
[1.877]
    NO2−0.353
[0.567]
−0.352
[0.607]
−0.929
[0.604]
−0.562
[0.574]
−1.25
[1.077]
−1.391
[1.133]
−1.000*
[0.503]
−0.993
[0.678]
    O30.350**
[0.154]
0.367**
[0.153]
0.505
[0.432]
0.498**
[0.215]
0.005
[0.696]
−0.168
[0.548]
−0.482
[0.659]
0.097
[0.363]
    Observations114,61264,34864,34812,10312,10343,35343,353
    R-squared0.50.520.520.550.550.510.51
  • a. the sample includes bases for which the closest monitor for each of the five pollutants is within 50 miles of the base. All models include all controls as described in the notes for Table 4.

  • * significant at 10 percent; ** significant at 5 percent; *** significant at 1 percent.