Table 5

Validity Checks

	All 1	Mother Has a Basic Education or Less 2	Father Has a Basic Education or Less 3	Mother or Father Have a Basic Education or Less 4
Panel A: Effect of WWII Destruction on Probability of Moving
Rubble per capita X born 1922–39	0.002 (0.003)	0.005 (0.003)	0.004 (0.003)	0.005 (0.003)
R²	0.112	0.125	0.134	0.122
N	3,700	2,890	2,675	3,013
Panel B: Nonmovers Only
Rubble per capita X born 1922–39	−0.035^*** (0.013)	−0.034^** (0.015)	−0.026^* (0.015)	−0.038^** (0.015)
R²	0.212	0.207	0.237	0.214
N	2,025	1,621	1,530	1,690
Panel C: Control Experiment
Rubble per capita X born 1907–11	0.004 (0.025)	0.029 (0.028)	0.009 (0.026)	0.029 (0.028)
R²	0.305	0.323	0.32	0.31
N	644	491	466	499

↵Notes: Standard errors clustered by region and birth year are shown in parentheses. Asterisk denote significance levels (*=0.10, **=0.05, ***=0.01). Each column controls for region and birth-year fixed effects. Other controls in each regression are gender and rural dummies and the interaction of prewar regional population density with birthyear dummies. Individuals are coded as movers if they report that they no longer reside in their childhood area.