Table 4b

Effects on GPA

WomenMenAll
First-Years
1		Second-Years
2		All
3		First-Years
4		Second-Years
5		All
6		First-Years
7		Second-Years
8		All
9
Panel A. Fall
Control mean2.39
[0.982]		2.64
[0.765]		2.50
[0.900]		2.61
[0.920]		2.75
[0.743]		2.66
[0.856]		2.46
[0.968]		2.67
[0.760]		2.55
[0.890]
Treatment effect0.021
(0.079)		0.046
(0.081)		0.038
(0.056)		0.046
(0.103)		−0.039
(0.098)		−0.034
(0.073)		0.014
(0.063)		0.015
(0.061)		0.009
(0.044)
N4443748182461954416905691,259
Panel B. Spring
Control mean2.34
[0.916]		2.64
[0.783]		2.47
[0.875]		2.47
[0.935]		2.54
[0.880]		2.50
[0.912]		2.38
[0.922]		2.61
[0.810]		2.48
[0.885]
Treatment effect−0.049
(0.081)		0.018
(0.090)		−0.016
(0.059)		−0.003
(0.106)		0.266
(0.119)**		0.071
(0.079)		−0.037
(0.064)		0.102
(0.073)		0.022
(0.048)
N4413407812421834256835231,206
Panel C. Full Year
Control mean2.37
[0.895]		2.64
[0.689]		2.49
[0.825]		2.55
[0.870]		2.67
[0.739]		2.59
[0.822]		2.42
[0.890]		2.65
[0.702]		2.52
[0.825]
Treatment effect−0.021
(0.073)		0.055
(0.079)		0.018
(0.053)		0.019
(0.096)		0.126
(0.097)		0.021
(0.070)		−0.019
(0.058)		0.075
(0.061)		0.019
(0.042)
N4413397802421814236835201,203

  • Notes: “Control Mean” rows list averages and standard deviations of GPA, within the relevant gender-year subgroup. “Treatment Effect” rows report coefficients from regressions of GPA on a treatment dummy, with sampling strata controls (year in school, and high school grade quartile) and controls for high school grade average, whether students’ first language is English, parents’ education, and whether students answered questions on program rules correctly GPA is on a four-point scale. The sample used for the full-year estimates includes students with grades in Fall and Spring. The Fall analysis omits full-year courses. Robust standard errors are in parentheses; standard deviations are in square brackets.

  • * significant at 10 percent;

  • ↵** significant at 5 percent;

  • *** significant at 1 percent