Effect of Unemployment on Log Birth Rate, by Education, Age and Race
| A. By Education: | Ordinary Least Squares | Instrumental Variables | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less Than High School | High School Graduate | Any College | Less Than High School | High School Graduate | Any College | |
| Unemployment rate | −0.020*** (0.005) | −0.007 (0.004) | −0.009*** (0.003) | −0.028 (0.018) | −0.048*** (0.016) | −0.037*** (0.012) |
| Observations | 1,475 | |||||
| B. By Age: | Age 16–25 | Age 26–35 | Age 36–45 | Age 16–25 | Age 26–35 | Age 36–45 |
| Unemployment rate | −0.009*** (0.002) | −0.009*** (0.002) | −0.008* (0.004) | −0.016*** (0.006) | −0.020*** (0.005) | −0.027*** (0.009) |
| Observations | 1,530 | |||||
| C. By Race: | White | Black | Other | White | Black | Other |
| Unemployment rate | −0.008*** (0.002) | −0.008** (0.003) | −0.011* (0.006) | −0.023*** (0.008) | −0.012 (0.009) | −0.033* (0.017) |
| Observations | 1,530 | |||||
Sources: Population estimates by race and age are from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Population estimates by education are annual averages from the Basic Monthly Current Population Survey.
Notes: Dependent variable is births per 1,000 women aged 16–45 in the relevant demographic group. Standard errors are Huber-White robust and clustered at the state level.
↵* p < 0.1,
↵** p < 0.05,
↵*** p < 0.01. Estimates are weighted by the number of women aged 16–45 in the relevant demographic group in each state-year cell. All regressions include state and year fixed effects, state linear time trends, and demographic controls