Table 5

Gender-Specific Shift-Share Employment Indices: By Education

Less Than High SchoolHigh School GraduateAny College
A. Index 1: Time-varying group shares
Male index, less than high school0.044**
(0.018)
Female index, less than high school−0.031**
(0.014)
Male index, high school graduate0.056***
(0.016)
Female index, high school graduate−0.021
(0.017)
Male index, any college0.036**
(0.014)
Female index, any college−0.013
(0.019)
B. Index 2: Predicted employment growth
Male index, less than high school0.017***
(0.006)
Female index, less than high school−0.011
(0.008)
Male index, high school graduate0.023***
(0.006)
Female index, high school graduate−0.007
(0.007)
Male index, any college0.019***
(0.006)
Female index, any college−0.002
(0.013)

  • Source: Population estimates by education are annual averages from the Basic Monthly Current Population Survey.

  • Notes: N = 1,475. Dependent variable is the log of births per 1,000 women aged 16–45 in the relevant education group. Standard errors are Huber-White robust and clustered at the state level.

  • * p < 0.1,

  • ↵** p < 0.05,

  • ↵*** p < 0.01. Construction of labor demand indices is described in Section V of the text. All regressions include state and year fixed effects, state time trends and state-year level demographic controls.